Abstract
Degenerative disc disease, coupled with its consequential low back pain,
presents a profound global health challenge, with efficacious clinical interventions still
being subject to controversy. Cutting-edge strategies are being developed, targeting
both pain mitigation and tissue regeneration. Both concentrated bone marrow aspirate
and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have displayed clinical potential in alleviating
pain associated with degenerative disc disease. By harnessing molecular and genetic
techniques, the utilization of growth factors, cytokines, and the modulation of
autophagy and apoptosis processes offers hope in arresting disease progression,
fostering tissue recuperation, and tempering inflammatory cascades. This chapter
furnishes readers with a contemporary overview of therapeutic and regenerative
modalities in clinical use and succinctly delineates the grading of the extant pinnacle
clinical evidence.