Abstract
Science has undergone a revolution with the development of
nanotechnology. The vast applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have greatly helped
every area of technology. Nanomaterials (NMs) can be created via a range of physical
and chemical practices along with the use of ultrasound and microwave heating
processes, but green synthesis has drawn great attention, especially when it involves
the use of microbes or plant extracts. Green synthesis is a recent and advanced method
to make NPs because it is simpler, cheaper, more reproducible and environmentally
friendly than other approaches. When compared to other classical methods of NP
synthesis, plants produce NPs that are more stable and simpler to scale up and have a
variety of applications. This chapter has reviewed and discussed various applications of
green synthesized NPs along with the latest developments in the eco-friendly synthesis
of gold, silver, copper, palladium, iron, and iron oxide NPs. Due to the widespread use
of nanoscale metals in different industries, including engineering, medicine, and the
environment, the topic of nanoscale metal synthesis is currently relevant. The bulk of
nanoscale metals is currently produced chemically, which has unintended effects like
environmental contamination and serious health issues. To overcome these challenges,
green synthesis can be used as a commercial chemical method to decrease metal ions
from the environment. Green synthesis is more advantageous than classical chemical
synthesis because it improves environmental quality and is also safe for human health.