Bioderived Materials: Harnessing Nature for Advanced Biochemical Handiwork

Natural Biomaterials: An Essential Element for in vitro Disease Modeling

Author(s): Sukanya Gayan, Malhar Chitnis, Disha Kshirsagar and Tuli Dey * .

Pp: 92-120 (29)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815136869124010007

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

In-depth analysis of human diseases, specifically emergent noncommunicable ones, needs to be carried out to understand the molecular mechanism and develop sustainable therapeutics. Animals such as small rodents and canines are frequently used as models for clinical trials. However, recent evidence suggests the inappropriateness of such in vivo models for human diseases. A new class of humanrelevant platforms needs to be established to resolve the issues surrounding the failure of potential drug candidates over the last decades. The development of human-relevant in vitro models must abide by the 3R’s principles for biomedical research. Modeling diseased tissue requires appropriate matrices such as scaffold, hydrogel, electrospinning mats, and others to mimic the strength and mechanics of the tissue in question. Biodegradable biomaterials from natural sources such as plants and animals are already used widely for tissue engineering, and regenerative medicines can be repurposed to develop a human-relevant disease model. Here we will discuss the current status of such in vitro models for a few highly fatal non-communicable diseases like cardiomyopathy, cancer, neuropathy, and others.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873368187 and j.to_ip >=873368187 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740472880 and j.to_date >= 1740472880 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 21683) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873368187 and j.to_ip >=873368187 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740472880 and j.to_date >= 1740472880 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 21683) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873368187 and j.to_ip >=873368187 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740472880 and j.to_date >= 1740472880 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 21683)
      4.05msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3673 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740472880 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740472880 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.63msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3673
      • 3: 1740472880
      • 4: 1740472880
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='b869c7292731e2649e58f27430ac6ff3'
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        imgP3x0s08jDvKWUiMtv6kNvaviiYziSddUFEMjZ
        uc_cart_id
        b869c7292731e2649e58f27430ac6ff3
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/21683" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/21683
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
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        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 08:41:20 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ikg3T3g4ZmVHbXROS3h0cnRGQTBqOFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidWV1NGlLRGRLWFRYU2p1aGhDN3gvUUpPRHA0a2FBaTBnVVZEeG5lYjVBREExcG5rYlpnQVJ0Rm5JZ0F5aUlHTDVJMzF6b2Q5QkdDVWc2Y012WWNCL1c2SXl0dGxjOGNYbTVlSGwxSUVmY2V4L1RHWjZzNERZTTZrYWVVKzVWVlUiLCJtYWMiOiIzMWI4ZWI2ZDk4MjViOGFiYjQyYjE3Njk0OGFiYzg4MGRlZjBmZjg2ZjVkMzViNjJlYTc3YzI2NmIxYTgzMGZlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 20:41:20 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ikg3T3g4ZmVHbXROS3h0cnRGQTBqOFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidWV1NGlLRGRLWFRYU2p1aGhDN3gvUUpPRHA0a2FBaTBnVVZEeG5lYjVBREExcG5rYlpnQVJ0Rm5JZ0F5aUlHTDVJMzF6b" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlBoc3dmOWJNNjdSanBsdE8zYTdXblE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSG84eDh1ZlVheTZwNTgrSitUWTRzWVI0VkN6YnZKOGZUTzRpR2xmVy9kN281OHZrMzlvTk5hdWVHRkJxYTF3MVZwV3ptNzZ2ME5lL1NZL2FKL3lxNytKSUZucUhaMEY2RXpZWFV5VE4xNnp6bDBYdVZncC93TS8yVHdPYUlidG4iLCJtYWMiOiIwMmRiOTQ3NmIxMDdhMzM2ZjAyNDY5YWM0MmZhMGY2YzRkOGVjMWZiMDg0NTYxYTNlYzQ0MGE2OWVkN2MzYjc0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlBoc3dmOWJNNjdSanBsdE8zYTdXblE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSG84eDh1ZlVheTZwNTgrSitUWTRzWVI0VkN6YnZKOGZUTzRpR2xmVy9kN281OHZrMzlvTk5hdWV" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ikg3T3g4ZmVHbXROS3h0cnRGQTBqOFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidWV1NGlLRGRLWFRYU2p1aGhDN3gvUUpPRHA0a2FBaTBnVVZEeG5lYjVBREExcG5rYlpnQVJ0Rm5JZ0F5aUlHTDVJMzF6b2Q5QkdDVWc2Y012WWNCL1c2SXl0dGxjOGNYbTVlSGwxSUVmY2V4L1RHWjZzNERZTTZrYWVVKzVWVlUiLCJtYWMiOiIzMWI4ZWI2ZDk4MjViOGFiYjQyYjE3Njk0OGFiYzg4MGRlZjBmZjg2ZjVkMzViNjJlYTc3YzI2NmIxYTgzMGZlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 20:41:20 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ikg3T3g4ZmVHbXROS3h0cnRGQTBqOFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidWV1NGlLRGRLWFRYU2p1aGhDN3gvUUpPRHA0a2FBaTBnVVZEeG5lYjVBREExcG5rYlpnQVJ0Rm5JZ0F5aUlHTDVJMzF6b" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlBoc3dmOWJNNjdSanBsdE8zYTdXblE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSG84eDh1ZlVheTZwNTgrSitUWTRzWVI0VkN6YnZKOGZUTzRpR2xmVy9kN281OHZrMzlvTk5hdWVHRkJxYTF3MVZwV3ptNzZ2ME5lL1NZL2FKL3lxNytKSUZucUhaMEY2RXpZWFV5VE4xNnp6bDBYdVZncC93TS8yVHdPYUlidG4iLCJtYWMiOiIwMmRiOTQ3NmIxMDdhMzM2ZjAyNDY5YWM0MmZhMGY2YzRkOGVjMWZiMDg0NTYxYTNlYzQ0MGE2OWVkN2MzYjc0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlBoc3dmOWJNNjdSanBsdE8zYTdXblE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSG84eDh1ZlVheTZwNTgrSitUWTRzWVI0VkN6YnZKOGZUTzRpR2xmVy9kN281OHZrMzlvTk5hdWV" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "imgP3x0s08jDvKWUiMtv6kNvaviiYziSddUFEMjZ" "uc_cart_id" => "b869c7292731e2649e58f27430ac6ff3" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/21683" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 08:41:20GET/chapter/21683112192