Genome Size and Genetic Homogeneity of Regenerated Plants: Methods and Applications

Molecular Techniques for the Detection of Ploidy Level and Genetic Fidelity of Regenerated Plantlets

Author(s): Gulab Khan Rohela* and Pawan Saini

Pp: 294-326 (33)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815165555123010014

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Most of the medicinal, aromatic and other commercially important crops are poor rooters, and some of them are sessile in terms of seed production; hence these plants are very difficult to propagate either through stem cuttings based vegetative propagation or through seedlings based sexual propagation. During the last two decades, plant tissue culture has emerged as an alternative technique for the propagation of plants with commercial importance. Majorly, the somatic tissues, viz., leaf, node and shoot tip, are being used as explants for the production of genetically similar plantlets through tissue culture studies. Recently, abnormalities with respect to ploidy level and genetic fidelity have been reported in In Vitro regenerated plantlets. This is mainly due to the usage of synthetic chemicals or artificial plant growth regulators in In Vitro culture studies, the fragile nature of callus and exposure of cultures to artificial light sources. In order to ensure the commercial production of genetically true clones of commercial plants, nowadays it has become an obligatory step to assess the ploidy level and genetic fidelity of regenerated plantlets with that of mother plants. This book chapter focussed on different molecular techniques which are in use for the detection of ploidy level and genetic fidelity of In Vitro micro propagated plantlets.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873346344 and j.to_ip >=873346344 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834849 and j.to_date >= 1739834849 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 20224) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873346344 and j.to_ip >=873346344 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834849 and j.to_date >= 1739834849 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 20224) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873346344 and j.to_ip >=873346344 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834849 and j.to_date >= 1739834849 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 20224)
      710μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3571 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834849 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834849 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3571
      • 3: 1739834849
      • 4: 1739834849
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='9a8e1f09194bf5b864dbfe17e4b33aa8'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        tBHJ0WVgv5MhKQTP63wYKcgKTd4nybohVrlziVdT
        uc_cart_id
        9a8e1f09194bf5b864dbfe17e4b33aa8
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/20224" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/20224
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:27:29 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldhUUZuV2pXU3lNd2RoQ1VJY09Fd2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUjQ4dGpYZjJEWGxzeGZDblBlV3pnbkd6cFhaZmh3eldRdWsxYzNIaC9LSUMxMkt4N2dwMkVDZm9QdGxJdlhWNjVJajVKMEtUNzBGTUpvT3FWWHBCRTJWYVRMbHRid0NJZkR5dUNiWTY3NlJBRmp3VXZNMzJKdUZTa0YyZFRSbDIiLCJtYWMiOiJlZTFkMmJhNjlkZDNkYWUyMWZiZWRjMDM2MzYwODdkNTA0YjU0MzE4OGFlMWVhODc1NDY5NTUwN2NiMjM0NDQ5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:27:29 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldhUUZuV2pXU3lNd2RoQ1VJY09Fd2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUjQ4dGpYZjJEWGxzeGZDblBlV3pnbkd6cFhaZmh3eldRdWsxYzNIaC9LSUMxMkt4N2dwMkVDZm9QdGxJdlhWNjVJajVKM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRlWlgzbzU0Y3R6MC91QUZJWUplM3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieTBBc21EbkYyY21HN3owYWNVVkFBcDNiMStQNmpXNFNYWnRENFRtMitub3BkMVhxL2NsMXdNeG5rV2JicEQrZk9WZEE2QkFmb0pFanNRL1E3SHdOQzNXTE02SVc4ZjIrSms0MmNYRXBjaGI5eitKU0pydEVMdnoxdXdyUHhpenUiLCJtYWMiOiI2ODQwYzcwNTY3M2M0OWQ1ZjFlNmExMzkwNjcyZGUwMjVlN2U3MDg3YTkyMTFjMzkzZmY1NTY3YzcwYmY5YmRjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRlWlgzbzU0Y3R6MC91QUZJWUplM3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieTBBc21EbkYyY21HN3owYWNVVkFBcDNiMStQNmpXNFNYWnRENFRtMitub3BkMVhxL2NsMXdNeG5" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldhUUZuV2pXU3lNd2RoQ1VJY09Fd2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUjQ4dGpYZjJEWGxzeGZDblBlV3pnbkd6cFhaZmh3eldRdWsxYzNIaC9LSUMxMkt4N2dwMkVDZm9QdGxJdlhWNjVJajVKMEtUNzBGTUpvT3FWWHBCRTJWYVRMbHRid0NJZkR5dUNiWTY3NlJBRmp3VXZNMzJKdUZTa0YyZFRSbDIiLCJtYWMiOiJlZTFkMmJhNjlkZDNkYWUyMWZiZWRjMDM2MzYwODdkNTA0YjU0MzE4OGFlMWVhODc1NDY5NTUwN2NiMjM0NDQ5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:27:29 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldhUUZuV2pXU3lNd2RoQ1VJY09Fd2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUjQ4dGpYZjJEWGxzeGZDblBlV3pnbkd6cFhaZmh3eldRdWsxYzNIaC9LSUMxMkt4N2dwMkVDZm9QdGxJdlhWNjVJajVKM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRlWlgzbzU0Y3R6MC91QUZJWUplM3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieTBBc21EbkYyY21HN3owYWNVVkFBcDNiMStQNmpXNFNYWnRENFRtMitub3BkMVhxL2NsMXdNeG5rV2JicEQrZk9WZEE2QkFmb0pFanNRL1E3SHdOQzNXTE02SVc4ZjIrSms0MmNYRXBjaGI5eitKU0pydEVMdnoxdXdyUHhpenUiLCJtYWMiOiI2ODQwYzcwNTY3M2M0OWQ1ZjFlNmExMzkwNjcyZGUwMjVlN2U3MDg3YTkyMTFjMzkzZmY1NTY3YzcwYmY5YmRjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRlWlgzbzU0Y3R6MC91QUZJWUplM3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieTBBc21EbkYyY21HN3owYWNVVkFBcDNiMStQNmpXNFNYWnRENFRtMitub3BkMVhxL2NsMXdNeG5" ] ]
        session_attributes
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        array:5 [ "_token" => "tBHJ0WVgv5MhKQTP63wYKcgKTd4nybohVrlziVdT" "uc_cart_id" => "9a8e1f09194bf5b864dbfe17e4b33aa8" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/20224" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:27:29GET/chapter/20224112192