Brain Tumor Targeting Drug Delivery Systems: Advanced Nanoscience for Theranostics Applications

Theranostics Nanoemulsion for Brain Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment

Author(s): Deepak Prashar*, Ram Kumar Sahu, Jiyauddin Khan, Oluwadunsin Iyanuoluwa Adebayo and Grace Fumilayo Adigun

Pp: 140-154 (15)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815079722123010008

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Cancer or malignancy is the most widely occurring ailment in the recent scenario. Brain tumor is considered to be one of the most fatal among all types of tumors. The brain-related tumors are numerous and need to be treated and diagnosed in different ways. The diagnosis of brain tumor is done by various methods like MRI, CT scan and neurological testing. In the recent past, a number of nanoemulsion formulations have been formulated and developed to treat and diagnose brain cancer. The present work presents the present status of anti-cancer drugs, the parameters related to their working and the advancement in technology.

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      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
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      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
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      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      800μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
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      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '20166' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '3567' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      730μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51364601 and j.to_ip >=51364601 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988793 and j.to_date >= 1739988793 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 20166) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51364601 and j.to_ip >=51364601 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988793 and j.to_date >= 1739988793 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 20166) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51364601 and j.to_ip >=51364601 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988793 and j.to_date >= 1739988793 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 20166)
      710μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3567 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739988793 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739988793 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.26msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3567
      • 3: 1739988793
      • 4: 1739988793
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='8a9c151b8f7f90af0721b9cfde56991f'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        5jECvafYS9Ds3CbCTGv4AgYsm92Cj1ydMwzIOaSw
        uc_cart_id
        8a9c151b8f7f90af0721b9cfde56991f
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/20166" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/20166
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 19 Feb 2025 18:13:13 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im91NmhzbnFqYmpsMGV6SzJwTkNzclE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibjB3b0xTeXMrN2Q0aG55bzlqZG5CSExwRlVKcUc5SHRsbUpjbit6QUJpcktwQXJ6SWxjSkdmUktzVjVqbXpHQk1SSXEvZkE3MXF6aGxFY2pSOU1OWDlsYWM0VHJBWThDaXAvaHdiWks0cFN0NXpHM25XUFIraGtGWTlEa2FzLzQiLCJtYWMiOiIzZDRmMzM4MTJlZDRiMWJmNGZhNTM3YmU1ZTU3MjEwODBjYmQ4NWVkZmY5YmZjZTI1MjljM2NlNDE0ODA4YjI3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22 Feb 2025 06:13:13 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im91NmhzbnFqYmpsMGV6SzJwTkNzclE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibjB3b0xTeXMrN2Q0aG55bzlqZG5CSExwRlVKcUc5SHRsbUpjbit6QUJpcktwQXJ6SWxjSkdmUktzVjVqbXpHQk1SSXEvZ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkNNSC9tSGlDUXVSLzQ4eS9kV2ZOUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoickVRcGZ3UUEyRGpib29YNUx6dWFtZXIrbmE0Tnh1K2Rya2VlQ21PMS9qRkI5R2dSdHR5a0JqdllrRE1aQnhuUGJzYU5JVDlGS1dzVlgvWmtRZFJQTXJuL0Fjc3Z3Q090TTNSUXozTkpPWHFhSG5xR25ndXpmSnExS0VKWlNhWmIiLCJtYWMiOiIxZjdjMTkzZGI2ZGZmMTE3YjQwYjg0YzkxZDVlOTY5M2U1NGIwMTY5ZjUzM2I0NGNkMGFjMDVhYzNmMjM5MzFiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkNNSC9tSGlDUXVSLzQ4eS9kV2ZOUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoickVRcGZ3UUEyRGpib29YNUx6dWFtZXIrbmE0Tnh1K2Rya2VlQ21PMS9qRkI5R2dSdHR5a0Jqdll" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im91NmhzbnFqYmpsMGV6SzJwTkNzclE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibjB3b0xTeXMrN2Q0aG55bzlqZG5CSExwRlVKcUc5SHRsbUpjbit6QUJpcktwQXJ6SWxjSkdmUktzVjVqbXpHQk1SSXEvZkE3MXF6aGxFY2pSOU1OWDlsYWM0VHJBWThDaXAvaHdiWks0cFN0NXpHM25XUFIraGtGWTlEa2FzLzQiLCJtYWMiOiIzZDRmMzM4MTJlZDRiMWJmNGZhNTM3YmU1ZTU3MjEwODBjYmQ4NWVkZmY5YmZjZTI1MjljM2NlNDE0ODA4YjI3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22-Feb-2025 06:13:13 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im91NmhzbnFqYmpsMGV6SzJwTkNzclE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibjB3b0xTeXMrN2Q0aG55bzlqZG5CSExwRlVKcUc5SHRsbUpjbit6QUJpcktwQXJ6SWxjSkdmUktzVjVqbXpHQk1SSXEvZ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkNNSC9tSGlDUXVSLzQ4eS9kV2ZOUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoickVRcGZ3UUEyRGpib29YNUx6dWFtZXIrbmE0Tnh1K2Rya2VlQ21PMS9qRkI5R2dSdHR5a0JqdllrRE1aQnhuUGJzYU5JVDlGS1dzVlgvWmtRZFJQTXJuL0Fjc3Z3Q090TTNSUXozTkpPWHFhSG5xR25ndXpmSnExS0VKWlNhWmIiLCJtYWMiOiIxZjdjMTkzZGI2ZGZmMTE3YjQwYjg0YzkxZDVlOTY5M2U1NGIwMTY5ZjUzM2I0NGNkMGFjMDVhYzNmMjM5MzFiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkNNSC9tSGlDUXVSLzQ4eS9kV2ZOUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoickVRcGZ3UUEyRGpib29YNUx6dWFtZXIrbmE0Tnh1K2Rya2VlQ21PMS9qRkI5R2dSdHR5a0Jqdll" ] ]
        session_attributes
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        array:5 [ "_token" => "5jECvafYS9Ds3CbCTGv4AgYsm92Cj1ydMwzIOaSw" "uc_cart_id" => "8a9c151b8f7f90af0721b9cfde56991f" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/20166" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 18:13:13GET/chapter/20166112192