Brain Tumor Targeting Drug Delivery Systems: Advanced Nanoscience for Theranostics Applications

Barriers to Targeted Drug Delivery Strategies in Brain

Author(s): Payal Kesharwani, Kajal Kumari, Smita Jain and Swapnil Sharma * .

Pp: 34-59 (26)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815079722123010004

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Brain tumor is considered to be the most detrimental disease found in humans. Amongst the various brain tumors, glioblastoma has emerged as a highly invasive malignant disease that has contributed to significant mortality worldwide. Despite surgical and drug innovations, most of the patients suffering from brain tumours have shown poor prognosis, with a median life span. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a protective layer outside the brain for most of the conventional, diagnostic and therapeutic agents, which in turn leads to poor diagnosis and less efficacy in most clinical subjects. In recent years, multifunctional nanotechnology systems have been employed to deliver theranostic agents to the brain, showing promising outcomes in the treatment of various forms of cancer. The present chapter provides comprehensive information on the most recent developments in BBB-crossing nanotechnology, with a slight focus on the thoughtful design of multifunctional nanoplatforms for effective BBB penetration, accurate tumor imaging, and substantial brain tumor inhibition. Besides, various physiological barriers and transportation mechanisms, different drug delivery systems for brain tumors are also highlighted. Furthermore, major advancements in brain tumor theranostics pertaining to employing different nanosystems such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, bio-nano particles, and inorganic-nanoparticles for effective nano-drug delivery for theranostics in brain tumors have also been discussed. 

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 222027364 and j.to_ip >=222027364 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988796 and j.to_date >= 1739988796 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 20162) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 222027364 and j.to_ip >=222027364 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988796 and j.to_date >= 1739988796 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 20162) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 222027364 and j.to_ip >=222027364 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988796 and j.to_date >= 1739988796 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 20162)
      920μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3567 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739988796 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739988796 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.6msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3567
      • 3: 1739988796
      • 4: 1739988796
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='8c81ccce9bf1e38ef8232a96113fbc87'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
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        uc_cart_id
        8c81ccce9bf1e38ef8232a96113fbc87
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/20162" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/20162
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
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        response_headers
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        session_attributes
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 18:13:16GET/chapter/20162112192