The Role of Nitric Oxide in Type 2 Diabetes

Role of Nitric Oxide in Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Osteoporosis

Author(s): Nasibeh Yousefzadeh, Sajad Jeddi, Khosrow Kashfi and Asghar Ghasemi * .

Pp: 161-189 (29)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815079814122010011

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Osteoporosis affects 200 million people worldwide. Osteoporosis in subjects with diabetes is called diabetoporosis, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) contributes to and aggravates osteoporotic fractures. Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, bone vasculature impairment, increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone marrow adiposity contribute to a higher incidence of osteoporotic fractures in T2D. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability due to lower endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-derived NO and higher inducible NOS (iNOS)-derived NO is one of the main mechanisms of the diabetoporosis. Available data indicates that T2D increases osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and decreases osteoblast-mediated bone formation, mediated in part by reducing eNOS-derived NO and increasing iNOS-derived NO. NO donors delay osteoporosis and decrease osteoporotic fractures in subjects with T2D, suggesting the potential therapeutic implication of NO-based interventions for diabetoporosis.

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