Frontiers in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery

Volume: 6

Cardiovascular Effects of Ranolazine and the Scope for Translational Research: A Current Review of Literature

Author(s): Rebecca Pratiti*, Parul Sud, Mohammad Yousef and Ankush Moza

Pp: 1-53 (53)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815036909122060003

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Ranolazine is approved for symptomatic stable angina patients on standard antianginal therapy. It inhibits myocardial late sodium current (INa) and partially inhibits fatty acid oxidation. INa is increased in the pathological conditions of ischemia and heart failure. Ranolazine changes myocardial fatty acid beta-oxidation to glucose oxidation, making the heart more oxygen efficient in ischemia. Thus, ranolazine improves myocardial desynchrony, mechanical dysfunction, diastolic depolarization, and action potential duration during ischemia. The book chapter focuses on salient features of ranolazine with emphasis on its indication in cardiovascular medicine, the knowledge gap in its translational research, and future scope. One of the important findings of the review is that ranolazine is a versatile cardiovascular medicine with effects on angina, heart failure, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy. Most animal studies of ranolazine had a correlation with human trials. Ranolazine, with its current cost and side effects profile, could be a second-line medication for angina, heart failure, and arrhythmia, specifically for patients having intolerance or side effects to first-line medications. Ranolazine as a pain modulator in angina, myotonia, and claudication needs to be further studied. Ranolazine may improve cardioversion rates in cardioversion and treatment-resistant patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Ranolazine is an option for preventing recurring shocks in patients with defibrillators who have recurrent ventricular tachycardias. Diabetes, hibernating myocardium and reperfusion injury are major modulators of ranolazine’s treatment outcomes. Subsequently, better outcomes are seen in the presence of these pathologies. Ranolazine has similar efficacy as most oral hypoglycemics, and long-term studies are needed to evaluate its outcomes in diabetics with angina.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314538714 and j.to_ip >=314538714 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835089 and j.to_date >= 1739835089 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18154) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314538714 and j.to_ip >=314538714 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835089 and j.to_date >= 1739835089 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18154) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314538714 and j.to_ip >=314538714 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835089 and j.to_date >= 1739835089 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18154)
      590μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3317 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739835089 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739835089 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.05msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3317
      • 3: 1739835089
      • 4: 1739835089
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='e65878264bb8b41553eecf08405fc79d'
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        YNXBLeJX82TKnAeTyyv1odDnXxkoeWWS8f2SgB3N
        uc_cart_id
        e65878264bb8b41553eecf08405fc79d
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/18154" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/18154
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:31:29 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldFcTRkT0RPbExlTHhiQXlFazZJNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieDJoaHZvbE9tclJYSlRBZGR2MGdhQjhBdnV1N0gxSkpmcUFzb1Y3cXRxYlRtenVacTc3SU1sKzVvU2ZaQkRPQmhJSzFZWUo4cDUwc1BwWncrRjVUU01pbXJlWU0vOHpGR0Y3WkM5bGZYUEpYU3FYU2h5V2YxU1JwK3Y4dXNoQ3IiLCJtYWMiOiI0NjA2MzQ4MGNmMjNmOTVhYmEyY2JlNmZiMjgxZGUwZmUxN2MyZTEwYTQ1ZTVkNGQwMmYxMTU2ZWNhODQwMmRlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:31:29 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldFcTRkT0RPbExlTHhiQXlFazZJNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieDJoaHZvbE9tclJYSlRBZGR2MGdhQjhBdnV1N0gxSkpmcUFzb1Y3cXRxYlRtenVacTc3SU1sKzVvU2ZaQkRPQmhJSzFZW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkhZSDQveXZ6QWU1cVRNSmdsYnlBdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRlBxWUxGN043VnVucWZoRnVURUhHUVFBUmVJbXpTcHREeXd6S2tPVzcvVnpGbU1lR0pFa3hxSzE3NTU0d2dTczExcEtpTGlPU3dDN2YzbEFybzNXenUxN05sb1JWbXhweXEvM1o3YUpyQ3kvUjhKQ3ZPS2RZbU84VXJJMXN4NkgiLCJtYWMiOiI5NzRhM2U3MjMxMDJiZWU3ZjhiODliNjllMTRmZjI2ODMzMTI2MTRmOGE4MWNhZGUzMDBjY2Q1NzJlMzg5YWVmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkhZSDQveXZ6QWU1cVRNSmdsYnlBdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRlBxWUxGN043VnVucWZoRnVURUhHUVFBUmVJbXpTcHREeXd6S2tPVzcvVnpGbU1lR0pFa3hxSzE" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldFcTRkT0RPbExlTHhiQXlFazZJNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieDJoaHZvbE9tclJYSlRBZGR2MGdhQjhBdnV1N0gxSkpmcUFzb1Y3cXRxYlRtenVacTc3SU1sKzVvU2ZaQkRPQmhJSzFZWUo4cDUwc1BwWncrRjVUU01pbXJlWU0vOHpGR0Y3WkM5bGZYUEpYU3FYU2h5V2YxU1JwK3Y4dXNoQ3IiLCJtYWMiOiI0NjA2MzQ4MGNmMjNmOTVhYmEyY2JlNmZiMjgxZGUwZmUxN2MyZTEwYTQ1ZTVkNGQwMmYxMTU2ZWNhODQwMmRlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:31:29 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldFcTRkT0RPbExlTHhiQXlFazZJNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieDJoaHZvbE9tclJYSlRBZGR2MGdhQjhBdnV1N0gxSkpmcUFzb1Y3cXRxYlRtenVacTc3SU1sKzVvU2ZaQkRPQmhJSzFZW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkhZSDQveXZ6QWU1cVRNSmdsYnlBdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRlBxWUxGN043VnVucWZoRnVURUhHUVFBUmVJbXpTcHREeXd6S2tPVzcvVnpGbU1lR0pFa3hxSzE3NTU0d2dTczExcEtpTGlPU3dDN2YzbEFybzNXenUxN05sb1JWbXhweXEvM1o3YUpyQ3kvUjhKQ3ZPS2RZbU84VXJJMXN4NkgiLCJtYWMiOiI5NzRhM2U3MjMxMDJiZWU3ZjhiODliNjllMTRmZjI2ODMzMTI2MTRmOGE4MWNhZGUzMDBjY2Q1NzJlMzg5YWVmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkhZSDQveXZ6QWU1cVRNSmdsYnlBdkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRlBxWUxGN043VnVucWZoRnVURUhHUVFBUmVJbXpTcHREeXd6S2tPVzcvVnpGbU1lR0pFa3hxSzE" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "YNXBLeJX82TKnAeTyyv1odDnXxkoeWWS8f2SgB3N" "uc_cart_id" => "e65878264bb8b41553eecf08405fc79d" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/18154" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:31:29GET/chapter/18154112192