Abstract
Lasers have been popular in spine surgery for decades. Patients frequently
ask about laser spine surgery when looking for simplified ways to treat spine pain
related to a herniated disc. Percutaneous interventional non-visualized needle-based
laser treatments have been replaced with visualized endoscopic decompressions. This
chapter reviews the fundamental physics of laser technology applications in spine
surgery. Guidelines for safe laser use in the operating room and avoidance of
complications are discussed in detail. Lasers suitable for spinal decompressions and
their respective tissue interactions are described. The clinical evidence of percutaneous
versus the hybridized use with the visualized endoscopic decompression is examined in
detail.
Keywords: Clinical evidence, Endoscopic discectomy, Hybrid laser endoscopic surgery, Laser decompression.
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