Therapeutic Implications of Natural Bioactive Compounds

Bioactive Constituents and Anti-diabetic Activity of the Indian Medicinal Plant Hemidesmus indicus R. Br.: An Overview

Author(s): Amit Kumar Dixit*, Avijit Banerji, Julie Banerji, Deepti Dixit, Parvathy G. Nair and Damodar Gupta

Pp: 176-204 (29)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815080025122030012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. is a laticiferous, slender, and twining shrub, which is found over almost every part of India. Its roots (Anantmul - Sanskrit meaning: endless root) are particularly used extensively as a single drug and in formulations with other plants to treat several ailments. In view of the wide range of medicinal properties claimed in traditional medicine, significant efforts have been made to determine the efficacy of Hemidesmus indicus through pharmacological experiments in vitro and in vivo models. These include analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, antiarthritic, hepatoprotective, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, antiulcer, antivenom, antiacne, and antipsychotic activities. Recent studies have also established antidiabetic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-venom, and wound healing activities. Extensive phytochemical investigations have been carried out by several research groups. The present review provides an overview of the bioactive compounds of this Indian medicinal plant. Several classes of compounds, viz. triterpenoids, steroids, steroid glycosides, coumarin-lignoids, flavonoids in addition to many simpler compounds, have been isolated and characterised from different parts of H. indicus. These are listed, along with brief write-ups on isolation procedures, spectroscopical and chemical characterization, and their biological properties. Particular emphasis is given to the anti-diabetic properties associated with it, indicus root extracts, and the factors contributing to these properties


Keywords: Anti-diabetic, Ayurvedic drugs, Coumarino-lignoids, Hemidesmus indicus, Indian sarsaparilla, Phytochemistry, Terpenoids, Volatile constituents.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316582944 and j.to_ip >=316582944 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740421163 and j.to_date >= 1740421163 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17751) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316582944 and j.to_ip >=316582944 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740421163 and j.to_date >= 1740421163 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17751) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316582944 and j.to_ip >=316582944 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740421163 and j.to_date >= 1740421163 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17751)
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3402 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740421163 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740421163 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3402
      • 3: 1740421163
      • 4: 1740421163
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='ac63b325e4dee7de64f6eeaa20f3c090'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    8Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        ArW4wEXzyWk8meh6khE4IZThgZrL4tiqurYLoIcz
        uc_cart_id
        ac63b325e4dee7de64f6eeaa20f3c090
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17751" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/17751
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 24 Feb 2025 18:19:23 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjRmQTdkR05XRWRXdHBMTVEwZ1kwVGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYlo4UHFvU2RBS0dvOTFZN2VsQlRJY3RDc1NMUWxnWmNKLzNvWUsvalNTanFRUWtPSE1TWDNMSk5DVXZGTWxHUk1xN2JZQlM4VDVydVhwL1JnU3dQNUZWMVVhbWI5ZFdHZG05SWdCZjlGcmZuZnVoNnJuVG1qWi9kMWovMTUzN2ciLCJtYWMiOiI1ODRmOGE1MzNmYzVkMDI5NTVmOTE4Yjc5Y2NkMGQ3ZDMzNTNlYTQ3M2NiNGEzZGZmZjc1ZTg2ZDhkMzVkMDkxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 06:19:23 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjRmQTdkR05XRWRXdHBMTVEwZ1kwVGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYlo4UHFvU2RBS0dvOTFZN2VsQlRJY3RDc1NMUWxnWmNKLzNvWUsvalNTanFRUWtPSE1TWDNMSk5DVXZGTWxHUk1xN2JZQ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IktycS81WER0K3VTZzNYenkyVDNxWkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNDhhVEJKUUs3WVlyS3YybXlpWTNrT21aeUY2b1dpdVViODhSU1RtTlVJSEszRTRybGRaOXRKUmNWaXlBcFZxK3AzcXlGS29NMUFmY1FSZnNYTmNTc1c4ajBQaWI4UC9RdWkzMHczcjNkNnMwZk9kQytNMXEwZnNXekR4S2cvUEMiLCJtYWMiOiJlOGI0MjNiM2RkNWNiNjkyNmQyMGE0NGQwOTZjNWQ5YzFmZGQ4ODQ2NDhjYWVlODc2NmRiZTEzMTBiNjA0YmEzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IktycS81WER0K3VTZzNYenkyVDNxWkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNDhhVEJKUUs3WVlyS3YybXlpWTNrT21aeUY2b1dpdVViODhSU1RtTlVJSEszRTRybGRaOXRKUmN" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjRmQTdkR05XRWRXdHBMTVEwZ1kwVGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYlo4UHFvU2RBS0dvOTFZN2VsQlRJY3RDc1NMUWxnWmNKLzNvWUsvalNTanFRUWtPSE1TWDNMSk5DVXZGTWxHUk1xN2JZQlM4VDVydVhwL1JnU3dQNUZWMVVhbWI5ZFdHZG05SWdCZjlGcmZuZnVoNnJuVG1qWi9kMWovMTUzN2ciLCJtYWMiOiI1ODRmOGE1MzNmYzVkMDI5NTVmOTE4Yjc5Y2NkMGQ3ZDMzNTNlYTQ3M2NiNGEzZGZmZjc1ZTg2ZDhkMzVkMDkxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 06:19:23 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjRmQTdkR05XRWRXdHBMTVEwZ1kwVGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYlo4UHFvU2RBS0dvOTFZN2VsQlRJY3RDc1NMUWxnWmNKLzNvWUsvalNTanFRUWtPSE1TWDNMSk5DVXZGTWxHUk1xN2JZQ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IktycS81WER0K3VTZzNYenkyVDNxWkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNDhhVEJKUUs3WVlyS3YybXlpWTNrT21aeUY2b1dpdVViODhSU1RtTlVJSEszRTRybGRaOXRKUmNWaXlBcFZxK3AzcXlGS29NMUFmY1FSZnNYTmNTc1c4ajBQaWI4UC9RdWkzMHczcjNkNnMwZk9kQytNMXEwZnNXekR4S2cvUEMiLCJtYWMiOiJlOGI0MjNiM2RkNWNiNjkyNmQyMGE0NGQwOTZjNWQ5YzFmZGQ4ODQ2NDhjYWVlODc2NmRiZTEzMTBiNjA0YmEzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IktycS81WER0K3VTZzNYenkyVDNxWkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNDhhVEJKUUs3WVlyS3YybXlpWTNrT21aeUY2b1dpdVViODhSU1RtTlVJSEszRTRybGRaOXRKUmN" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "ArW4wEXzyWk8meh6khE4IZThgZrL4tiqurYLoIcz" "uc_cart_id" => "ac63b325e4dee7de64f6eeaa20f3c090" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17751" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-24 18:19:23GET/chapter/177511121910