Recent Advances in Biotechnology

Volume: 5

Controlled Ovarian Stimulation

Author(s): Firas Al-Rshoud* and Tamara Darwish

Pp: 112-124 (13)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815051667122050006

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

For conception to occur, whether naturally or via assisted reproductive technology (ART), three things are required; a healthy sperm for fertilization, an ovum released from both ovaries (in the fallopian tubes for natural pregnancy or in the laboratory in IVF/ICSI), and a healthy place for the embryo to implant (a healthy receptive endometrial cavity), so any defect in any of the aforementioned pregnancy requirements will affect the achievement of pregnancy in both types; the natural one or that resulting from ART [1]. Ovarian stimulation is used to overcome any ovulatory disorder or in ART to collect as many eggs as possible (10-15 eggs at least) [2] to maximize the chances of pregnancy. Assessment of ovarian reserve is the first and most important step in ovarian stimulation, as this will indicate the proper method and dose needed for ovulation induction. We test for ovarian reserve using Biomarkers (FSH and AMH) and physical markers (antral follicles count(AFC)) by transvaginal ultrasound(TVS). Both AMH and AFC have similar accuracy in assessing ovarian reserve and are both superior to FSH as they have no cyclic variations [3]. This chapter will discuss all aspects of the physiology of the ovulation process and ovarian stimulation. 


Keywords: Anovulation, ART, Ovarian stimulation

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59615104 and j.to_ip >=59615104 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774236 and j.to_date >= 1740774236 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17467) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59615104 and j.to_ip >=59615104 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774236 and j.to_date >= 1740774236 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17467) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59615104 and j.to_ip >=59615104 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774236 and j.to_date >= 1740774236 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17467)
      840μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3382 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740774236 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740774236 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      8.02msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3382
      • 3: 1740774236
      • 4: 1740774236
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='7c437932427284ed34151df18c6f3607'
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:291
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    3Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        x74DIzbJUQFTj5ZRcCZ5I4LfUrYlMT9q1z4sL8Gd
        uc_cart_id
        7c437932427284ed34151df18c6f3607
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17467" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/17467
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 28 Feb 2025 20:23:56 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRRMWtUd3dFL0hvTVk0R2phTmJWZlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTzUrdlNVbnNSWGFuQmhFaE1lZ245Q0JaWnliY2lVTHpFT3I5Nno5WDhrSXROOHVTKzd2dUtYQWRTQjg3ZmZEVXJVT1ZUUVNJeFBZOEp6TUd2TWtUMjJ5bjEyelh0WUtpQkRLcW5LWjZWSFdGb1dvVXhKcVI5bVIvWkZWckpsRVQiLCJtYWMiOiI5YzQ1ODk5YTQ0N2FkNWY3OTM4YWFiYWU4NzNmN2JhMTFjNTlhOGI4NTI2YjI3NmU4YThkMDNhNzJlNzljZTE3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03 Mar 2025 08:23:56 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRRMWtUd3dFL0hvTVk0R2phTmJWZlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTzUrdlNVbnNSWGFuQmhFaE1lZ245Q0JaWnliY2lVTHpFT3I5Nno5WDhrSXROOHVTKzd2dUtYQWRTQjg3ZmZEVXJVT1ZUU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImFGZnB3OTlQSmM4WERHRlU0VUV2Nnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1l6b0UxTEdOd3JKeUM5VzJVSTV1OFNaK2w3clZPbSs2L2NuL2t1dElWWWVZWHNINEJJTDJqcHk5OFhYc09OVXQrUzR0OGxzZ295Q05JZzBIZFFCbjJsaFhzS3VrMXR1QmNaV1V1MTJpL3JOYWhZcHU0bURzVExXU3MwL1BCMXciLCJtYWMiOiIwMDU3YzI4YTE2Mjg2MzJiOTAzZTI5NGE1YjlmYjE0NDJlODcyYWYwZTg2NmM3ZjZmMDI3OTE5Nzc1NjgwYTUyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImFGZnB3OTlQSmM4WERHRlU0VUV2Nnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1l6b0UxTEdOd3JKeUM5VzJVSTV1OFNaK2w3clZPbSs2L2NuL2t1dElWWWVZWHNINEJJTDJqcHk" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRRMWtUd3dFL0hvTVk0R2phTmJWZlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTzUrdlNVbnNSWGFuQmhFaE1lZ245Q0JaWnliY2lVTHpFT3I5Nno5WDhrSXROOHVTKzd2dUtYQWRTQjg3ZmZEVXJVT1ZUUVNJeFBZOEp6TUd2TWtUMjJ5bjEyelh0WUtpQkRLcW5LWjZWSFdGb1dvVXhKcVI5bVIvWkZWckpsRVQiLCJtYWMiOiI5YzQ1ODk5YTQ0N2FkNWY3OTM4YWFiYWU4NzNmN2JhMTFjNTlhOGI4NTI2YjI3NmU4YThkMDNhNzJlNzljZTE3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03-Mar-2025 08:23:56 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRRMWtUd3dFL0hvTVk0R2phTmJWZlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTzUrdlNVbnNSWGFuQmhFaE1lZ245Q0JaWnliY2lVTHpFT3I5Nno5WDhrSXROOHVTKzd2dUtYQWRTQjg3ZmZEVXJVT1ZUU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImFGZnB3OTlQSmM4WERHRlU0VUV2Nnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1l6b0UxTEdOd3JKeUM5VzJVSTV1OFNaK2w3clZPbSs2L2NuL2t1dElWWWVZWHNINEJJTDJqcHk5OFhYc09OVXQrUzR0OGxzZ295Q05JZzBIZFFCbjJsaFhzS3VrMXR1QmNaV1V1MTJpL3JOYWhZcHU0bURzVExXU3MwL1BCMXciLCJtYWMiOiIwMDU3YzI4YTE2Mjg2MzJiOTAzZTI5NGE1YjlmYjE0NDJlODcyYWYwZTg2NmM3ZjZmMDI3OTE5Nzc1NjgwYTUyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImFGZnB3OTlQSmM4WERHRlU0VUV2Nnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1l6b0UxTEdOd3JKeUM5VzJVSTV1OFNaK2w3clZPbSs2L2NuL2t1dElWWWVZWHNINEJJTDJqcHk" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "x74DIzbJUQFTj5ZRcCZ5I4LfUrYlMT9q1z4sL8Gd" "uc_cart_id" => "7c437932427284ed34151df18c6f3607" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17467" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-28 20:23:56GET/chapter/17467112195