Abstract
Because of the expansive differences between the anatomy and physiology
of the pediatric versus the adult patient, the management of cardiorespiratory arrest and
shock states in pediatric patients has many unique complexities. A detailed
understanding of the etiology of the most common pathologies leading to these clinical
scenarios both outside and inside the operating room enables providers to treat these
patients in a systematic and goal-directed fashion and can lead to improved outcomes.
The basics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation theory and technique, medication
management, vascular access, monitoring, and post-resuscitation care are discussed. A
special emphasis is placed on cardiac resuscitation during anesthesia care. Advanced
techniques, including temporary extracorporeal life support, are also described so that
providers will be able to recognize the clinical scenarios where these treatments may be
indicated and enlist the appropriate resources.
Keywords: 2020 AHA PALS, Anaphalyxsis, Cardiac arrest, Cardiac bypass, Cardiogenic shock, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Cardioversion, Defibrillation, Distributive shock, Endotracheal medication administration, Extracorporeal life support, H’s and T’s, Hypovolemic shock, Obstructive shock, Pacing, Pediatric Perioperative Cardiac Arrest Registry, Phases of cardiac arrest, Return of spontaneous circulation, Succinylcholine induced bradycardia, Targeted temperature management, Ventricular assist device.