Current Developments in Food and Nutrition Research

Microbiological Quality of Traditional Turkish Cheeses

Author(s): Zerrin Erginkaya*, Gözde Konuray and Mihriban Korukluoğlu

Pp: 337-362 (26)

DOI: 10.2174/9789811432361120010015

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Traditional foods are foodstuffs that have been produced for hundreds of years. Besides, being recognised by geography, climate and agricultural production possibilities in all cultures, it is mostly influenced by traditional lifestyle Each of these foodstuffs are original products, created without the use of modern technology, simply by artificially ingraining the key factors of food preservation with available means. Ensuring the preservation and continuity of our traditional food products is one of our important social and cultural heritage from the past; it is important that traditional food products at national and regional scales are identified, inventories are removed, hygienic conditions and modern industrial methods are used to produce safe food, and it is important to move to the future.

The benefits and risks of traditional cheese, especially produced from raw milk, are a complicated issue and have been argued through the years.

The microbiota of traditional cheese varies depending on the raw milk, inoculation applications, environmental factors, cheese production methods and hygienic condition of the environment. Cheese microbiota gives information about the sensory, hygienic, health benefits and possible risks of the product.

In traditional cheeses, depending on the production method, as well as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, several yeasts and molds, especially lactic acid bacteria have been isolated and identified in many research studies. A variety among cheeses, produced from raw milk, occurs due to microorganism diversity, numerical differences, depending on the microbiota involved in the process of maturation, thereby showing changes in some of its characteristics (such as aroma formation, antimicrobial activity). Therefore, the taste of cheese produced from raw milk is more dense and richer than the processed ones.

In addition, microbiota found in traditional cheese is known to positively affect the aroma development and production of antimicrobial metabolites against pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in the same environment. On the other hand, other allergic reactions, toxic and chemical compounds, which are important with regard to food safety, are substantial for health, besides the microbial risks based on raw milk.

For these reasons, the scientific data on the production and consumption of traditional cheeses should be accurately investigated in terms of benefits, harm and possible new risks, using the omic system as well as cheese ecosystem now and in the future.


Keywords: Cheese microbiota, Lactic acid bacteria, Turkish cheese, Traditional cheese.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316870080 and j.to_ip >=316870080 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834981 and j.to_date >= 1739834981 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 13356) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316870080 and j.to_ip >=316870080 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834981 and j.to_date >= 1739834981 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 13356) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316870080 and j.to_ip >=316870080 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834981 and j.to_date >= 1739834981 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 13356)
      700μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2803 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834981 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834981 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2803
      • 3: 1739834981
      • 4: 1739834981
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='d284c582a9115efadb097da7e7f5302e'
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    4Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        WOTKZ4OjO2hqqtRdVAlrHHKN1TBmdZDGW3MNXC1B
        uc_cart_id
        d284c582a9115efadb097da7e7f5302e
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/13356" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/13356
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:29:41 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InhUSms4SFVnV0Jsa1RwbDVCVjkrTXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNG5VdERtWFBiQ1lPOVhkK0dnTm1KblJwYnNlQ1JKWEtYY0dWaHlWR213cHROcWgycUFJUm5XZ0hpUHlQZjB3enVJem1wYzI2cll6dHk0dzZRSFU3cStGcTNXVzIzVWFoNkxjbXFXckRnZlB2UXcxRWxtaUFHaWpBZXR3TUVBNzMiLCJtYWMiOiJlNjNkOGZjZGI3ODlmNTkzZTcwZjViYjkyMjA1Y2U2MTY3MWUyYmYyY2VmYjUxZDE2NGM1MjgyODlmMDYxZjFmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:29:41 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InhUSms4SFVnV0Jsa1RwbDVCVjkrTXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNG5VdERtWFBiQ1lPOVhkK0dnTm1KblJwYnNlQ1JKWEtYY0dWaHlWR213cHROcWgycUFJUm5XZ0hpUHlQZjB3enVJem1wY" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlE5b1FrZXd6L1lPdklsSUFJbFhubEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaWd3VWlsOXdtM2txVkR2WkR5b0w1RWVPVzd3MHdwMWZQVkdQVVVSenNEOGE3cmJDaWRwODhPNGExRDlTOElBS3Q2T3NZbGxnWVBvRDViSm42eE1ENXlMWGxaMkhTaytqSFNaVTc5R3ZxU3BObGI4bVRSSlFDU2w0NDRJN0JhZ0UiLCJtYWMiOiJjMWRjYTA5N2U3OTE5MDhiNmFjZTlhZjg5ZDllYmQzYmE0M2MwMTc5MzQ4ZWMzOTIzNmM0YjAzNTJiODY1MmNlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlE5b1FrZXd6L1lPdklsSUFJbFhubEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaWd3VWlsOXdtM2txVkR2WkR5b0w1RWVPVzd3MHdwMWZQVkdQVVVSenNEOGE3cmJDaWRwODhPNGE" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InhUSms4SFVnV0Jsa1RwbDVCVjkrTXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNG5VdERtWFBiQ1lPOVhkK0dnTm1KblJwYnNlQ1JKWEtYY0dWaHlWR213cHROcWgycUFJUm5XZ0hpUHlQZjB3enVJem1wYzI2cll6dHk0dzZRSFU3cStGcTNXVzIzVWFoNkxjbXFXckRnZlB2UXcxRWxtaUFHaWpBZXR3TUVBNzMiLCJtYWMiOiJlNjNkOGZjZGI3ODlmNTkzZTcwZjViYjkyMjA1Y2U2MTY3MWUyYmYyY2VmYjUxZDE2NGM1MjgyODlmMDYxZjFmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:29:41 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InhUSms4SFVnV0Jsa1RwbDVCVjkrTXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNG5VdERtWFBiQ1lPOVhkK0dnTm1KblJwYnNlQ1JKWEtYY0dWaHlWR213cHROcWgycUFJUm5XZ0hpUHlQZjB3enVJem1wY" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlE5b1FrZXd6L1lPdklsSUFJbFhubEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaWd3VWlsOXdtM2txVkR2WkR5b0w1RWVPVzd3MHdwMWZQVkdQVVVSenNEOGE3cmJDaWRwODhPNGExRDlTOElBS3Q2T3NZbGxnWVBvRDViSm42eE1ENXlMWGxaMkhTaytqSFNaVTc5R3ZxU3BObGI4bVRSSlFDU2w0NDRJN0JhZ0UiLCJtYWMiOiJjMWRjYTA5N2U3OTE5MDhiNmFjZTlhZjg5ZDllYmQzYmE0M2MwMTc5MzQ4ZWMzOTIzNmM0YjAzNTJiODY1MmNlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlE5b1FrZXd6L1lPdklsSUFJbFhubEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaWd3VWlsOXdtM2txVkR2WkR5b0w1RWVPVzd3MHdwMWZQVkdQVVVSenNEOGE3cmJDaWRwODhPNGE" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "WOTKZ4OjO2hqqtRdVAlrHHKN1TBmdZDGW3MNXC1B" "uc_cart_id" => "d284c582a9115efadb097da7e7f5302e" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/13356" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:29:41GET/chapter/13356112196