Frontiers in Magnetic Resonance

Application of the Two-Temperature EPR Measurement Method to Carbonaceous Solids

Author(s): Andrzej B. Wieckowski and Grzegorz P. Słowik

Pp: 169-181 (13)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681086934118010011

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The two-temperature measurement method has found use in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for determining the fraction of two kinds of paramagnetic species of different nature. The method can particularly be applied when the temperature dependence of EPR line intensity shows deviations from the Curie law. By applying this method it was possible to determine the fractions of paramagnetic centres responsible for the Curie- and the Pauli-like paramagnetism in carbon-based materials. The method has also found application when the origin of the EPR line was originated due to paramagnetic centres in spin doublet states (S = 1/2) and in excited spin triplet states (S = 1).


Keywords: Carbonaceous solids, Carbon-based materials, Carbon black, Coal, Conduction electron spin resonance (CESR), Curie law, Curie paramagnetism, Decomposition of the EPR spectra, EPR, EPR line intensity, EPR linewidth, Macerals, Excited triplet states, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT), Paramagnetic centres, Pauli paramagnetism, Pyrolytic carbon, Spin doublet states, Spin triplet states, Two-temperature EPR measurement method.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59634848 and j.to_ip >=59634848 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774940 and j.to_date >= 1740774940 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12248) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59634848 and j.to_ip >=59634848 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774940 and j.to_date >= 1740774940 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12248) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59634848 and j.to_ip >=59634848 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774940 and j.to_date >= 1740774940 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 12248)
      860μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2459 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740774940 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740774940 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.5msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2459
      • 3: 1740774940
      • 4: 1740774940
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='892b4728e2edaab59883aebe168be2fe'
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:291
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    20Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        2XRR25KtlkJa6NSpBNmMjko37VgPieJxRehkDTFR
        uc_cart_id
        892b4728e2edaab59883aebe168be2fe
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/12248" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/12248
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
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        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
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        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "2XRR25KtlkJa6NSpBNmMjko37VgPieJxRehkDTFR" "uc_cart_id" => "892b4728e2edaab59883aebe168be2fe" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/12248" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-28 20:35:40GET/chapter/122481121922