Frontiers in Respiratory Medicine

The Role of Palliative Care/ Hospice Medicine in Interventional Pulmonology

Author(s): Muhammad Sajawal Ali and Lubna T. Sorathia

Pp: 291-309 (19)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681085913117010018

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Palliative care has been defined as “the active total care of patients whose disease is not responsive to curative treatment.” The focus of palliative care/ hospice medicine according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is to prevent and relieve suffering by early identification, assessment, and treatment of pain and other debilitating symptoms. Unfortunately, lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are among the leading causes of death in the United States. Therefore, pulmonologists are often called upon to participate in the care of terminally ill patients. By incorporating components of palliative care, pulmonologists can help relieve their suffering. When conservative therapies fail, interventional pulmonologists can palliate the symptoms associated with disorders such as malignant pleural effusion, airway obstruction and hemoptysis. Commonly offered interventions in this regard include, indwelling pleural catheters (IPC), pleurodesis, endobronchial laser, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation (APC), endobronchial brachytherapy, rigid bronchoscopy and airway stenting.


Keywords: Argon plasma coagulation, Endobronchial brachytherapy, Endobronchial stent, Hemoptysis, Hospice medicine, Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC), Interventional pulmonology, Lung cancer, Malignant airway obstruction, Malignant pleural effusion, Palliative care, Pleurodesis, Rigid bronchoscopy.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316440840 and j.to_ip >=316440840 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740551292 and j.to_date >= 1740551292 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 11732) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316440840 and j.to_ip >=316440840 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740551292 and j.to_date >= 1740551292 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 11732) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316440840 and j.to_ip >=316440840 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740551292 and j.to_date >= 1740551292 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 11732)
      620μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2409 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740551292 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740551292 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2409
      • 3: 1740551292
      • 4: 1740551292
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='f99120aa541a1b927deff8ba680366f7'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    13Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        mNi6lt8dfY7X8idKiZPO2v3hpncLnszmeJf8MkMX
        uc_cart_id
        f99120aa541a1b927deff8ba680366f7
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/11732" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/11732
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 26 Feb 2025 06:28:12 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImZlYzVnbHNzODE4OEI2NVBPY2hXcEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibDkvbGNMSXF2eW1qMWZGK2R2N243Rm9NV1poYThTUVVqM1hESHRLWWgxSHJtL0d1RFBtNHFFbGxhZVdTR3BHdkdGb0k4SjF2L3FIelBTNUpZVHFGRTRKNGxkcysxTkp3ZWs1aUlzaVE5dm0ySzVPNmNjdDM4Rm5YUVNxdGRjYUIiLCJtYWMiOiI4ZTY0YzMwNzQwYjY1MmViMzQyYzlhN2ZjNjQ4NjcxMmE0ODZkNjUxZDNiZDk5NGJhNzNmYzY0YzMxMDc2MGRjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 18:28:12 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImZlYzVnbHNzODE4OEI2NVBPY2hXcEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibDkvbGNMSXF2eW1qMWZGK2R2N243Rm9NV1poYThTUVVqM1hESHRLWWgxSHJtL0d1RFBtNHFFbGxhZVdTR3BHdkdGb0k4S" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkswUmJKVE1wb3hpUnNuMy82ckdaSGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQ3hNL3ByVUxUWDBwVVdWS2wwSFh4aERjTFFrd2VScGNtWWUraFhtSis2czRTYWV5NDBoMjd6Z2psY2s2YWZvL2dTTGRHdUtxV0ErdHdFUFVxNjFpUGZNb1FCSTUwSG9tQjJzOWdjcDN0cnZhSWpQWEltQ1pqbmpmUDFyZnV3bUYiLCJtYWMiOiI4NmQ4N2RhZjM3MGMxZTdmYzc4ZWJiYTBjMzk2MGIwMTYzYjRiMGEyYjM0OTJmNjhiMmM3ZjNjYWY3OGViM2I0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkswUmJKVE1wb3hpUnNuMy82ckdaSGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQ3hNL3ByVUxUWDBwVVdWS2wwSFh4aERjTFFrd2VScGNtWWUraFhtSis2czRTYWV5NDBoMjd6Z2p" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImZlYzVnbHNzODE4OEI2NVBPY2hXcEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibDkvbGNMSXF2eW1qMWZGK2R2N243Rm9NV1poYThTUVVqM1hESHRLWWgxSHJtL0d1RFBtNHFFbGxhZVdTR3BHdkdGb0k4SjF2L3FIelBTNUpZVHFGRTRKNGxkcysxTkp3ZWs1aUlzaVE5dm0ySzVPNmNjdDM4Rm5YUVNxdGRjYUIiLCJtYWMiOiI4ZTY0YzMwNzQwYjY1MmViMzQyYzlhN2ZjNjQ4NjcxMmE0ODZkNjUxZDNiZDk5NGJhNzNmYzY0YzMxMDc2MGRjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 18:28:12 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImZlYzVnbHNzODE4OEI2NVBPY2hXcEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibDkvbGNMSXF2eW1qMWZGK2R2N243Rm9NV1poYThTUVVqM1hESHRLWWgxSHJtL0d1RFBtNHFFbGxhZVdTR3BHdkdGb0k4S" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkswUmJKVE1wb3hpUnNuMy82ckdaSGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQ3hNL3ByVUxUWDBwVVdWS2wwSFh4aERjTFFrd2VScGNtWWUraFhtSis2czRTYWV5NDBoMjd6Z2psY2s2YWZvL2dTTGRHdUtxV0ErdHdFUFVxNjFpUGZNb1FCSTUwSG9tQjJzOWdjcDN0cnZhSWpQWEltQ1pqbmpmUDFyZnV3bUYiLCJtYWMiOiI4NmQ4N2RhZjM3MGMxZTdmYzc4ZWJiYTBjMzk2MGIwMTYzYjRiMGEyYjM0OTJmNjhiMmM3ZjNjYWY3OGViM2I0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkswUmJKVE1wb3hpUnNuMy82ckdaSGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQ3hNL3ByVUxUWDBwVVdWS2wwSFh4aERjTFFrd2VScGNtWWUraFhtSis2czRTYWV5NDBoMjd6Z2p" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "mNi6lt8dfY7X8idKiZPO2v3hpncLnszmeJf8MkMX" "uc_cart_id" => "f99120aa541a1b927deff8ba680366f7" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/11732" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-26 06:28:12GET/chapter/117321121915