Current and Future Developments in Law

Volume: 2

The Right to Access by Non-Dominant Linguistic Communities to the Mass Media

Author(s): Inigo Urrutia-Libarona

Pp: 254-287 (34)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681085937117020016

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

In this chapter, we address the relationship between the audiovisual sector and non-dominant linguistic communities. In Europe, the first coordinate is characterised by a progressive opening up of the sector to the free market through the free circulation of audiovisual media. The second coordinate of this study concerns non-dominant linguistic communities. This article deals with the legal possibilities for encouraging the use of the languages of the non-dominant linguistic communities in this field. We begin by analysing the linguistic characteristics of the human right to freedom of expression, examining the margins for developing linguistic policy for the media sector. Then, we shall refer to linguistic diversity as a limit for the audiovisual national linguistic policy. Finally, we analyse the different dimensions of the EU legal framework on this matter.


Keywords: Freedom of communication, Freedom of information, Language communities, Language policy, Linguistic law, Mass media, Minorities, Nondominant groups, Regional languages.

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      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
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      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
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      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
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      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
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      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
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      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
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      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      430μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
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      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
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      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '11275' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '2282' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221938058 and j.to_ip >=221938058 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497158 and j.to_date >= 1740497158 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2282) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221938058 and j.to_ip >=221938058 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497158 and j.to_date >= 1740497158 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2282) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221938058 and j.to_ip >=221938058 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497158 and j.to_date >= 1740497158 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2282)
      820μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221938058 and j.to_ip >=221938058 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497158 and j.to_date >= 1740497158 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 11275) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221938058 and j.to_ip >=221938058 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497158 and j.to_date >= 1740497158 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 11275) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221938058 and j.to_ip >=221938058 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497158 and j.to_date >= 1740497158 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 11275)
      850μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2282 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740497158 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740497158 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.35msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2282
      • 3: 1740497158
      • 4: 1740497158
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='fc7a7626deea4344d86109b4b966453f'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    9Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        1UNxMIv1kt7fxalyBdgvp52pz5QhCYenqlMkCEQY
        uc_cart_id
        fc7a7626deea4344d86109b4b966453f
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/11275" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/11275
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:25:58 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkRsQzEyd3IwRmV0enhwZkhDRlBVcmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYjJPVXRGait2TkFLQnJNS3JBMWxFNC9Ubjg3TGR3SWVPNVF3TVY2YW8zV1ZRaGs0dWR3TVByaERHTmw1R3VMY0k2TG5JeFhYRXpHYVpGKzR6WnJyUXpRTnpXNnU3QUlmc2I3Y2tOS0taaEdqbGpxSERnaDFFd05Xd0lscFRFRDYiLCJtYWMiOiIyYTQwM2NkMWQ0YmUzYWM0MTdmODQ5OWVkNWFiM2JiNjAxZmU3ZGRhMzA0ZDQ1NmU5YzZlMzRjZWFjMTc5NTM0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:25:58 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkRsQzEyd3IwRmV0enhwZkhDRlBVcmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYjJPVXRGait2TkFLQnJNS3JBMWxFNC9Ubjg3TGR3SWVPNVF3TVY2YW8zV1ZRaGs0dWR3TVByaERHTmw1R3VMY0k2TG5Je" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRDaVd5M0IxWmE5eEZmSjFCSWUxVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV3JaNGQ0Vlh0cUxLVHlDemRyZk43eEFBY3ZrSWtTbjdTZk9HU28wdXR2NFVURjNEb3U1UEUvaFMyMUxIamxHcUNWTWlKelFheG0rR3V5aXZ2QjZRc1c4M2RJbDZCVFBJN2cxYnZnMk1tb0JOWC8zREl2YzhNNUQ1dEQ2cDRTQ0giLCJtYWMiOiJhOGJiMjBlYTA5MmI3NDhlZTAwMzkwOWY2YjY4ZDcwMzJjZTFkNGM5ZGVjZmM2ZmNmZTY4ZDhjYmQwMGNlYzY4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRDaVd5M0IxWmE5eEZmSjFCSWUxVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV3JaNGQ0Vlh0cUxLVHlDemRyZk43eEFBY3ZrSWtTbjdTZk9HU28wdXR2NFVURjNEb3U1UEUvaFM" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkRsQzEyd3IwRmV0enhwZkhDRlBVcmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYjJPVXRGait2TkFLQnJNS3JBMWxFNC9Ubjg3TGR3SWVPNVF3TVY2YW8zV1ZRaGs0dWR3TVByaERHTmw1R3VMY0k2TG5JeFhYRXpHYVpGKzR6WnJyUXpRTnpXNnU3QUlmc2I3Y2tOS0taaEdqbGpxSERnaDFFd05Xd0lscFRFRDYiLCJtYWMiOiIyYTQwM2NkMWQ0YmUzYWM0MTdmODQ5OWVkNWFiM2JiNjAxZmU3ZGRhMzA0ZDQ1NmU5YzZlMzRjZWFjMTc5NTM0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:25:58 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkRsQzEyd3IwRmV0enhwZkhDRlBVcmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYjJPVXRGait2TkFLQnJNS3JBMWxFNC9Ubjg3TGR3SWVPNVF3TVY2YW8zV1ZRaGs0dWR3TVByaERHTmw1R3VMY0k2TG5Je" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRDaVd5M0IxWmE5eEZmSjFCSWUxVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV3JaNGQ0Vlh0cUxLVHlDemRyZk43eEFBY3ZrSWtTbjdTZk9HU28wdXR2NFVURjNEb3U1UEUvaFMyMUxIamxHcUNWTWlKelFheG0rR3V5aXZ2QjZRc1c4M2RJbDZCVFBJN2cxYnZnMk1tb0JOWC8zREl2YzhNNUQ1dEQ2cDRTQ0giLCJtYWMiOiJhOGJiMjBlYTA5MmI3NDhlZTAwMzkwOWY2YjY4ZDcwMzJjZTFkNGM5ZGVjZmM2ZmNmZTY4ZDhjYmQwMGNlYzY4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRDaVd5M0IxWmE5eEZmSjFCSWUxVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiV3JaNGQ0Vlh0cUxLVHlDemRyZk43eEFBY3ZrSWtTbjdTZk9HU28wdXR2NFVURjNEb3U1UEUvaFM" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "1UNxMIv1kt7fxalyBdgvp52pz5QhCYenqlMkCEQY" "uc_cart_id" => "fc7a7626deea4344d86109b4b966453f" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/11275" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:25:58GET/chapter/112751121911