Frontiers in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research

Volume: 6

Regenerative Cell-Based Therapies to Combat Neurodegenerative Disorders

Author(s): Zareen Amtul

Pp: 188-205 (18)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681084770117060009

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

This chapter is a brief overview of the burden of neurodegenerative diseases, notably Alzheimer’s disease, on society, the short falls of current drug therapies and emphasis on the reasons to increase our efforts in developing regenerative medicinebased stem cell therapeutics. The chapter further provides caution on unsettled translational concerns that are necessary to settle before proceeding with this innovative treatment to the clinic, in addition to highlighting the promising basic strides made in stem cell therapy of neurological disorders.

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      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
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      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
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      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
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      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      680μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      380μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316440840 and j.to_ip >=316440840 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774078 and j.to_date >= 1740774078 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10612) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316440840 and j.to_ip >=316440840 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774078 and j.to_date >= 1740774078 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10612) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316440840 and j.to_ip >=316440840 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740774078 and j.to_date >= 1740774078 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10612)
      1.25msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2240 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740774078 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740774078 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.56msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2240
      • 3: 1740774078
      • 4: 1740774078
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='9deab603ee91d0f7e2af6a1e8303f215'
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:291
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        WCUBxairTfkR5cm7c9gpAyd9txQBaHqE753Xn3TO
        uc_cart_id
        9deab603ee91d0f7e2af6a1e8303f215
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10612" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/10612
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 28 Feb 2025 20:21:18 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFaTlRqRWhwbGdqMkk2UFFOd2NYT3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNjB0ZklFUVVQSWxsM20va1VVOGE4eHljNE1qY3EyOG1Ta0ZDMVY0YXlyRWcyUEVGdlZKVERYS1lOZlpqQjRYb0xaaHkyS0dLRi9HMVJFbUVVYVliangrRzg5dUVUanNsQUlWMHhYY2pGd2J2Ry9uY3FpWmNXaC90L2FxVVBNQW0iLCJtYWMiOiIxOWQ5MzM3MzNiZmVlZGRhZjg3ODlmNjRlYjFlZGU1ZTVjZjBjNGNkYWIxNThmY2Y0NWQyNWY3MjM5ZTM4OTVkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03 Mar 2025 08:21:18 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFaTlRqRWhwbGdqMkk2UFFOd2NYT3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNjB0ZklFUVVQSWxsM20va1VVOGE4eHljNE1qY3EyOG1Ta0ZDMVY0YXlyRWcyUEVGdlZKVERYS1lOZlpqQjRYb0xaaHkyS" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkpZWVc4RDYvdGx6UWVxenlpeHptWFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoienNLdS9IKys5RUVnR3dOb3Rwa2RwSEZKK2hubm50anEvdHJuYU1CRDhUSTdmY0p6aWE1T01qZXJQa2RaWW1SYTFOY2ZSdDExemYxb0pZaDE2aU4venJSenZBcnNsWVNrR0ttNUhKSzNzWFcyWnFPVnZjWTMxZXFMb1BwZ21QYzciLCJtYWMiOiIwN2E5NzQwYTE4MGExZWE4MGRmZGIyZjg3ZjZkZDJkODAzNGVhMzNiYjRhZTdkODQwYjJmNmEwNDQ2ZWRiYTYyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkpZWVc4RDYvdGx6UWVxenlpeHptWFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoienNLdS9IKys5RUVnR3dOb3Rwa2RwSEZKK2hubm50anEvdHJuYU1CRDhUSTdmY0p6aWE1T01qZXJ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFaTlRqRWhwbGdqMkk2UFFOd2NYT3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNjB0ZklFUVVQSWxsM20va1VVOGE4eHljNE1qY3EyOG1Ta0ZDMVY0YXlyRWcyUEVGdlZKVERYS1lOZlpqQjRYb0xaaHkyS0dLRi9HMVJFbUVVYVliangrRzg5dUVUanNsQUlWMHhYY2pGd2J2Ry9uY3FpWmNXaC90L2FxVVBNQW0iLCJtYWMiOiIxOWQ5MzM3MzNiZmVlZGRhZjg3ODlmNjRlYjFlZGU1ZTVjZjBjNGNkYWIxNThmY2Y0NWQyNWY3MjM5ZTM4OTVkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03-Mar-2025 08:21:18 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFaTlRqRWhwbGdqMkk2UFFOd2NYT3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNjB0ZklFUVVQSWxsM20va1VVOGE4eHljNE1qY3EyOG1Ta0ZDMVY0YXlyRWcyUEVGdlZKVERYS1lOZlpqQjRYb0xaaHkyS" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkpZWVc4RDYvdGx6UWVxenlpeHptWFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoienNLdS9IKys5RUVnR3dOb3Rwa2RwSEZKK2hubm50anEvdHJuYU1CRDhUSTdmY0p6aWE1T01qZXJQa2RaWW1SYTFOY2ZSdDExemYxb0pZaDE2aU4venJSenZBcnNsWVNrR0ttNUhKSzNzWFcyWnFPVnZjWTMxZXFMb1BwZ21QYzciLCJtYWMiOiIwN2E5NzQwYTE4MGExZWE4MGRmZGIyZjg3ZjZkZDJkODAzNGVhMzNiYjRhZTdkODQwYjJmNmEwNDQ2ZWRiYTYyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkpZWVc4RDYvdGx6UWVxenlpeHptWFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoienNLdS9IKys5RUVnR3dOb3Rwa2RwSEZKK2hubm50anEvdHJuYU1CRDhUSTdmY0p6aWE1T01qZXJ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "WCUBxairTfkR5cm7c9gpAyd9txQBaHqE753Xn3TO" "uc_cart_id" => "9deab603ee91d0f7e2af6a1e8303f215" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10612" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-28 20:21:18GET/chapter/10612112193