Andrology: Current and Future Developments

Male Puberty: A Triggered Biochemical Event towards Sexual Maturation

Author(s): Ana D. Martins and João P. Monteiro

Pp: 154-177 (24)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681085005117010008

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The finding of a concise definition for puberty has proved to be a difficult task for the scientific community and it remains an intense matter of discussion. Nowadays, there is consensus that puberty is a dynamic process influenced by many factors. In this chapter, we will discuss some of the most relevant biochemical markers of puberty and briefly emphasize their relevance in the development and onset of puberty. We will expose the neuroendocrine control that lies behind this very complex hormonally-dependent process. In addition, since puberty is definitely not experienced in the same way by all individuals, we will also discuss genetic, metabolic and nutritional factors as key modulators for the control of puberty onset. The final section of this chapter is dedicated to a brief overview on puberty-associated disorders, pinpointing the clinical features that should be taken into consideration and the deleterious signals that may occur until sexual maturation is achieved.


Keywords: Anti-müllerian hormone, GABA, Glutamate, Growth Hormone, Insulin Growth Factor Binding Protein-3, Insulin Growth Factor-1, Kisspeptin, Leptin, Melatonin, Tanner Stages.

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221988192 and j.to_ip >=221988192 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740550971 and j.to_date >= 1740550971 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10573) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221988192 and j.to_ip >=221988192 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740550971 and j.to_date >= 1740550971 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10573) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221988192 and j.to_ip >=221988192 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740550971 and j.to_date >= 1740550971 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10573)
      590μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2238 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740550971 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740550971 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.07msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2238
      • 3: 1740550971
      • 4: 1740550971
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='4130578d0975f55ac6b59e0a134150bb'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    10Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        OhCNTIMWCrl40HeFRbSxy0KjiwPASRaqBPVDleBM
        uc_cart_id
        4130578d0975f55ac6b59e0a134150bb
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10573" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/10573
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 26 Feb 2025 06:22:51 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im1ONVlhdEFxaXIxSklrYVdCVXAyRnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWWtvcklEY1JTNnB6aHJtVGpBVkNOVXNTV0d3ZjlsU2N5d1Z2MVVBNkdqQ00zRkQxNFF6VUpVNWZpRVBnUGdpdzRJOFZoL2ZRSVNxVGh2ejF2NlZzbzEwZEk4bkZqclR0UHQ3R0ZGcmwwelYvVG9UVjErN2lnWHBlUzl3WGlISE0iLCJtYWMiOiIyMWI1ZTc1ZGI5ZDcyZjU5YjAwYWJkMGNmYzg4NzVkMmFlNzMwZDExMzEzNWI2NTliNGFiYTcwZjA5NWMzOTljIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 18:22:51 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im1ONVlhdEFxaXIxSklrYVdCVXAyRnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWWtvcklEY1JTNnB6aHJtVGpBVkNOVXNTV0d3ZjlsU2N5d1Z2MVVBNkdqQ00zRkQxNFF6VUpVNWZpRVBnUGdpdzRJOFZoL" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkxiZjFDa001amVtOExKZTJNWERtREE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNTl1QWlUN2tiOGg5ZTVxNUMzYWpsVFVnZzgzQmQ4Um5IZnU1aWN3b2NOU1BVY2Z3eHVQNkNOcDhIUE1JUzF1OWU3ZGZUVy9RRmljSjVPRUZqSDdnRTl1OVpoaFpKQzA5U0JXUVFCK3lqNXFqbFJKMm1yUFlOODZwTWZINDdvd0EiLCJtYWMiOiJjZTMzNDcyNDNjMjNkOWM3OTUzMzVkNGNjMTJhOTI5ZWRiY2EwMDJhNjdhOTc5ODA3ZWE5MWQwYjY5YzMwMGE0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkxiZjFDa001amVtOExKZTJNWERtREE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNTl1QWlUN2tiOGg5ZTVxNUMzYWpsVFVnZzgzQmQ4Um5IZnU1aWN3b2NOU1BVY2Z3eHVQNkNOcDh" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im1ONVlhdEFxaXIxSklrYVdCVXAyRnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWWtvcklEY1JTNnB6aHJtVGpBVkNOVXNTV0d3ZjlsU2N5d1Z2MVVBNkdqQ00zRkQxNFF6VUpVNWZpRVBnUGdpdzRJOFZoL2ZRSVNxVGh2ejF2NlZzbzEwZEk4bkZqclR0UHQ3R0ZGcmwwelYvVG9UVjErN2lnWHBlUzl3WGlISE0iLCJtYWMiOiIyMWI1ZTc1ZGI5ZDcyZjU5YjAwYWJkMGNmYzg4NzVkMmFlNzMwZDExMzEzNWI2NTliNGFiYTcwZjA5NWMzOTljIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 18:22:51 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im1ONVlhdEFxaXIxSklrYVdCVXAyRnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWWtvcklEY1JTNnB6aHJtVGpBVkNOVXNTV0d3ZjlsU2N5d1Z2MVVBNkdqQ00zRkQxNFF6VUpVNWZpRVBnUGdpdzRJOFZoL" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkxiZjFDa001amVtOExKZTJNWERtREE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNTl1QWlUN2tiOGg5ZTVxNUMzYWpsVFVnZzgzQmQ4Um5IZnU1aWN3b2NOU1BVY2Z3eHVQNkNOcDhIUE1JUzF1OWU3ZGZUVy9RRmljSjVPRUZqSDdnRTl1OVpoaFpKQzA5U0JXUVFCK3lqNXFqbFJKMm1yUFlOODZwTWZINDdvd0EiLCJtYWMiOiJjZTMzNDcyNDNjMjNkOWM3OTUzMzVkNGNjMTJhOTI5ZWRiY2EwMDJhNjdhOTc5ODA3ZWE5MWQwYjY5YzMwMGE0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkxiZjFDa001amVtOExKZTJNWERtREE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNTl1QWlUN2tiOGg5ZTVxNUMzYWpsVFVnZzgzQmQ4Um5IZnU1aWN3b2NOU1BVY2Z3eHVQNkNOcDh" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "OhCNTIMWCrl40HeFRbSxy0KjiwPASRaqBPVDleBM" "uc_cart_id" => "4130578d0975f55ac6b59e0a134150bb" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10573" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-26 06:22:51GET/chapter/105731121912