Frontiers in Biomaterials

Volume: 3

Application of Chitosan Based Materials for Drug Delivery

Author(s): Poliana P. Lopes, Nathalie B. Barroca, Ana Luísa Daniel-da-Silva and Bárbara J. Leite Ferreira

Pp: 181-248 (68)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681084855117030011

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

One of the main challenges in drug delivery field is the development of formulations or devices designed to allow the transport of a suitable amount of the active pharmaceutical substance to the site of action in the body, and improve its efficacy by controlling the rate, time and place of release. The distribution of the drug to tissues different than the target place is unnecessary, wasteful, and a potential cause of toxicity. Chitosan, a versatile hydrophilic polysaccharide derived from chitin, is a non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable polymer which has attracted significant scientific interest, for its fundamental role in the progress of drug delivery technology. This natural biopolymer has inspired the development of safe and effective drug carrier systems due to its unique physicochemical and biological characteristics. The cationic character, exclusive of the chitosan, is attributed to the primary amino groups in the main backbone, which make its surface positively charged under acidic conditions; an important requirement that has been responsible for the enhancement of the load capability, tailoring the release profile of the drug and increasing the solubility. This chapter focuses on the use of chitosan-based therapeutic systems, including particles, hydrogel, film and scaffolds, through various anatomical routes by which the drug may be introduced in human body, such as oral, nasal, ocular, transdermal and local administration.


Keywords: Biomedical applications, Chitosan, Drug carrier, Hydrogel, Membrane, Nanoparticles, Route of administration.

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58841643 and j.to_ip >=58841643 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740700854 and j.to_date >= 1740700854 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10411) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58841643 and j.to_ip >=58841643 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740700854 and j.to_date >= 1740700854 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10411) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58841643 and j.to_ip >=58841643 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740700854 and j.to_date >= 1740700854 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10411)
      770μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2227 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740700854 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740700854 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.45msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2227
      • 3: 1740700854
      • 4: 1740700854
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='9ce73fd03622b662a912a1eee6e249f0'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    7Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        XlRrsrxFb7XrKcdDwn2fppCcnBTOqgLFVZDdjfPt
        uc_cart_id
        9ce73fd03622b662a912a1eee6e249f0
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10411" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/10411
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 28 Feb 2025 00:00:54 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im14bEhIcHZ4N0FvQm81blV2ZUxTb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNGUxRE00eU1wSnBydWhub1prZ0VBRm1SVkd0N3dSN3VSYnhGbWkrekZYMFd4OXRhMTAyVTljcHpuWGdsaC9FTHJrMmYvWDUrQnRjdk5CVW5rRTlDMENQYUxKU3NGcWs3TkdLNlpEQlhDS2RXRnowZjFZSDNwVmJWK1ltaUdCV1AiLCJtYWMiOiIwNzhiMGE4OWE5NDRiNGQ3ZGU1OTI5N2E1NTIyMjA5M2Y3Y2E4ZmM3NWIzZGZhY2YxNTI2NGMwMTc3YjExMjRiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 02 Mar 2025 12:00:54 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im14bEhIcHZ4N0FvQm81blV2ZUxTb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNGUxRE00eU1wSnBydWhub1prZ0VBRm1SVkd0N3dSN3VSYnhGbWkrekZYMFd4OXRhMTAyVTljcHpuWGdsaC9FTHJrMmYvW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlpvVW5BRFFWOUJjbCsrSGNBcUxHSEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQTlDN1pnWmIrMFdPTzlvUkZKQVludkhOYndvMmwrZVp4K2FDS0JxdmYzeStwY3kxK0Z4ckhkNXBOQTQrZHlaaTlyOXpheXhHVFhRUE1KQUxDZHhmUUNSTlB4dXJGTzhwTnd0cVY2K0pualEyS1JGTVJ0R0hQaTFqVTRIK2FhMGwiLCJtYWMiOiIxNWU5OGEwOGEzNWRjNjIwNjhmYjcyMzliNDdkMjJmNmZkZDlmM2E3MmM3ODRiMGUxMDk0NWY3M2M1MDJlYzNiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlpvVW5BRFFWOUJjbCsrSGNBcUxHSEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQTlDN1pnWmIrMFdPTzlvUkZKQVludkhOYndvMmwrZVp4K2FDS0JxdmYzeStwY3kxK0Z4ckhkNXB" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im14bEhIcHZ4N0FvQm81blV2ZUxTb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNGUxRE00eU1wSnBydWhub1prZ0VBRm1SVkd0N3dSN3VSYnhGbWkrekZYMFd4OXRhMTAyVTljcHpuWGdsaC9FTHJrMmYvWDUrQnRjdk5CVW5rRTlDMENQYUxKU3NGcWs3TkdLNlpEQlhDS2RXRnowZjFZSDNwVmJWK1ltaUdCV1AiLCJtYWMiOiIwNzhiMGE4OWE5NDRiNGQ3ZGU1OTI5N2E1NTIyMjA5M2Y3Y2E4ZmM3NWIzZGZhY2YxNTI2NGMwMTc3YjExMjRiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 02-Mar-2025 12:00:54 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im14bEhIcHZ4N0FvQm81blV2ZUxTb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNGUxRE00eU1wSnBydWhub1prZ0VBRm1SVkd0N3dSN3VSYnhGbWkrekZYMFd4OXRhMTAyVTljcHpuWGdsaC9FTHJrMmYvW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlpvVW5BRFFWOUJjbCsrSGNBcUxHSEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQTlDN1pnWmIrMFdPTzlvUkZKQVludkhOYndvMmwrZVp4K2FDS0JxdmYzeStwY3kxK0Z4ckhkNXBOQTQrZHlaaTlyOXpheXhHVFhRUE1KQUxDZHhmUUNSTlB4dXJGTzhwTnd0cVY2K0pualEyS1JGTVJ0R0hQaTFqVTRIK2FhMGwiLCJtYWMiOiIxNWU5OGEwOGEzNWRjNjIwNjhmYjcyMzliNDdkMjJmNmZkZDlmM2E3MmM3ODRiMGUxMDk0NWY3M2M1MDJlYzNiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlpvVW5BRFFWOUJjbCsrSGNBcUxHSEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQTlDN1pnWmIrMFdPTzlvUkZKQVludkhOYndvMmwrZVp4K2FDS0JxdmYzeStwY3kxK0Z4ckhkNXB" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "XlRrsrxFb7XrKcdDwn2fppCcnBTOqgLFVZDdjfPt" "uc_cart_id" => "9ce73fd03622b662a912a1eee6e249f0" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10411" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-28 00:00:54GET/chapter/10411112199