Frontiers in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research

Volume: 5

Stem/Progenitor Cells in Vascular Regenerative Medicine: Mechanisms, Signalling and Translation

Author(s): Ka Hou Lao, Xuechong Hong, Qingbo Xu and Lingfang Zeng

Pp: 32-106 (75)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681084756117050004

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play pivotal roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Their dysregulations are critical in the pathogenesis of various disease processes such as atherosclerosis which leads to severe cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke. Vascular regeneration serves as an effective therapeutic strategy for these diseases. The therapeutic prospect of stem cell-based therapy, given the capacity of stem cells to replicate, to differentiate and to directly form new blood vessels, represents the ideal approach for vascular regeneration. The identification of adult stem/progenitor cells in both circulating blood and on the vessel wall indicates that endogenous stem cells have the capacity to repair injured endothelium and restore vascular homeostasis. On the other hand, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which have eminent capacity for selfrenewal, represent the ideal candidates in regenerative medicine. There are enormous excitements surrounding the prospect of generating functional vascular cells through activating vascular lineage differentiation of PSCs (such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced PSCs (iPSCs)) for clinical cell therapy. Recent advances in induced lineage conversion from fibroblasts to ECs and SMCs present another exciting strategy in vascular regeneration. Progresses in vascular tissue engineering have further complemented the vascular differentiation and grafting of reprogrammed vascular lineage cells onto the sites of vessel injury, through scaffolds made with native matrices, synthetic polymers or decellularised tissues. Finally, the progresses made in generating more origin-specific vascular cells from patient-derived iPSCs have enabled researchers in uncovering new insights on the molecular mechanisms underlying various vascular diseases, as well as for drug discovery, drug screening, toxicity testing and personalised medicine delivery. In this chapter, we will describe different strategies and highlight the recent efforts in generating functional vascular cells from various populations of stem and progenitor cells, their underlying molecular mechanisms, and their roles in therapeutic vascular regeneration. With the field of regenerative medicine moving in an accelerating pace, the prospect of using stem and progenitor cells clinically for vascular regeneration in treating vascular and ischemic diseases is on the horizon.


Keywords: Embryonic stem cells, Endothelial cells, Induced pluripotent stem cells, Ischemic diseases, Lineage conversion, Stem cells, Tissue engineered blood vessels, Transdifferentiation, Vascular differentiation, Vascular progenitor cells, Vascular regeneration, Vascular smooth muscle cells.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version178msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[22:01:45] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (91.03ms)time
  • Application (87.31ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (51.04%)
    91.03ms
    1 x Application (48.96%)
    87.31ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed31.87ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('314520269','',1,1740348105,1740348105) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740348105
      1.02msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('314520269','/chapter/10374',1,1740348105,1740348105)
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314520269 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314520269) limit 1
      17.02msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 314520269
      • 1: 314520269
      • 2: 314520269
      • 3: 314520269
      • 4: 314520269
      • 5: 314520269
      • 6: 314520269
      • 7: 314520269
      • 8: 314520269
      • 9: 314520269
      • 10: 314520269
      • 11: 314520269
      • 12: 314520269
      • 13: 314520269
      • 14: 314520269
      • 15: 314520269
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '10374' limit 1
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 10374
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '10374' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.69msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 10374
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '10374'
      380μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 10374
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 455 limit 1
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 455
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=455) and se.ebook_id!=455 and v.ebook_status='1'
      3.36msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=455) and se.ebook_id!=455 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      1.02msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=455)
      540μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=455) limit 10 offset 0
      590μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 2225 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      690μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 2225
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 455 and ebook_volume_id <> 2225 limit 1
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 455
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '10374' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      420μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '2225' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314520269 and j.to_ip >=314520269 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740348105 and j.to_date >= 1740348105 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2225) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314520269 and j.to_ip >=314520269 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740348105 and j.to_date >= 1740348105 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2225) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314520269 and j.to_ip >=314520269 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740348105 and j.to_date >= 1740348105 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2225)
      830μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314520269 and j.to_ip >=314520269 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740348105 and j.to_date >= 1740348105 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10374) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314520269 and j.to_ip >=314520269 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740348105 and j.to_date >= 1740348105 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10374) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314520269 and j.to_ip >=314520269 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740348105 and j.to_date >= 1740348105 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10374)
      930μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2225 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740348105 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740348105 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.49msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2225
      • 3: 1740348105
      • 4: 1740348105
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='64a25bdfc1041d861fd1833d383a303a'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    12Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        hytEGPlgcRnK0x7X0thtD8eBiiOyS6ViZ4QO7oEO
        uc_cart_id
        64a25bdfc1041d861fd1833d383a303a
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10374" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/10374
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjJiZ29SdS9lay8zRTUxdFlrbnZFRXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiejRaRGtrTWVUUXJCYWNsemdXVmFuT014Wi8xOG8zY25pcXdNV0xCRWxTdz0iLCJtYWMiOiJhOTA3YzA0MDY1NjljZGIwNDg3MzIxMGE1YjdmNWRkM2M2YzJjZDUxODEwMDkxNTQzMTFhYjVjZjI3NDRiMTQ0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjJiZ29SdS9lay8zRTUxdFlrbnZFRXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiejRaRGtrTWVUUXJCYWNsemdXVmFuT014Wi8xOG8zY25pcXdNV0xCRWxTdz0iLCJtYWMiOiJhOTA3YzA0MDY1Njlj" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Sun, 23 Feb 2025 22:01:45 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkFBWmdMRTJ2SlVZYzROa0p5RmVPK2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM0taamlabzNWQ0U1YlF5YjhISEovWmJ1czg4czFjcHl6eGJpMk1Ic2JuZ214UnZkK0dRQWthNjZpTUpQbHNIUnZyUkh3MmkvRjZma056djk4Y0ZkTjZNOHBSVk01UmZPeW9HSGtMcW5OVEUxZVBZc1R2b29MZEswLzBpYXFrbUQiLCJtYWMiOiI4N2MwODAxYTlmNWJiMzUyYjdkOThiYjVhNTIwN2IzYTVhZjA0NThjMTA1NjI5NzhlMzZhMTI3OWFiZWVhNjRkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26 Feb 2025 10:01:45 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkFBWmdMRTJ2SlVZYzROa0p5RmVPK2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM0taamlabzNWQ0U1YlF5YjhISEovWmJ1czg4czFjcHl6eGJpMk1Ic2JuZ214UnZkK0dRQWthNjZpTUpQbHNIUnZyUkh3M" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InAyMURNdGFRNDdGVm5EUUhkc3VpVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR1hPc2xqb2Yzd0dDOXM3NHBEQ1JpNDR5M3NDZnpMUG1pZllCK2dVYTVDNkxFcWJTTU9YV0xiREpJSjlESm0yVk5qbThadTJFc0UzYjZGeWtoN1J5UERodmRWbFdNSGZVczUvb3R1bmxKTndpa1dLUDR3QndMWmJTbGdhSUEwY3IiLCJtYWMiOiJlNDk4YTE5ZDBjNTU4ZDAyZDcyNWU0NTBkNTJjMzU4NGQ4ZGZkMzIyNWE4MDlmMTEzNjM5ODliMjQ1YzJlNDFiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InAyMURNdGFRNDdGVm5EUUhkc3VpVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR1hPc2xqb2Yzd0dDOXM3NHBEQ1JpNDR5M3NDZnpMUG1pZllCK2dVYTVDNkxFcWJTTU9YV0xiREp" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkFBWmdMRTJ2SlVZYzROa0p5RmVPK2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM0taamlabzNWQ0U1YlF5YjhISEovWmJ1czg4czFjcHl6eGJpMk1Ic2JuZ214UnZkK0dRQWthNjZpTUpQbHNIUnZyUkh3MmkvRjZma056djk4Y0ZkTjZNOHBSVk01UmZPeW9HSGtMcW5OVEUxZVBZc1R2b29MZEswLzBpYXFrbUQiLCJtYWMiOiI4N2MwODAxYTlmNWJiMzUyYjdkOThiYjVhNTIwN2IzYTVhZjA0NThjMTA1NjI5NzhlMzZhMTI3OWFiZWVhNjRkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26-Feb-2025 10:01:45 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkFBWmdMRTJ2SlVZYzROa0p5RmVPK2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM0taamlabzNWQ0U1YlF5YjhISEovWmJ1czg4czFjcHl6eGJpMk1Ic2JuZ214UnZkK0dRQWthNjZpTUpQbHNIUnZyUkh3M" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InAyMURNdGFRNDdGVm5EUUhkc3VpVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR1hPc2xqb2Yzd0dDOXM3NHBEQ1JpNDR5M3NDZnpMUG1pZllCK2dVYTVDNkxFcWJTTU9YV0xiREpJSjlESm0yVk5qbThadTJFc0UzYjZGeWtoN1J5UERodmRWbFdNSGZVczUvb3R1bmxKTndpa1dLUDR3QndMWmJTbGdhSUEwY3IiLCJtYWMiOiJlNDk4YTE5ZDBjNTU4ZDAyZDcyNWU0NTBkNTJjMzU4NGQ4ZGZkMzIyNWE4MDlmMTEzNjM5ODliMjQ1YzJlNDFiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InAyMURNdGFRNDdGVm5EUUhkc3VpVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR1hPc2xqb2Yzd0dDOXM3NHBEQ1JpNDR5M3NDZnpMUG1pZllCK2dVYTVDNkxFcWJTTU9YV0xiREp" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "hytEGPlgcRnK0x7X0thtD8eBiiOyS6ViZ4QO7oEO" "uc_cart_id" => "64a25bdfc1041d861fd1833d383a303a" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10374" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-23 22:01:45GET/chapter/103741121914