Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research-Anti Infectives

Volume: 3

A Novel Complementary Approach Using New Probiotic Product for the Improvement of HIV Therapy

Author(s): Constantin V. Sobol

Pp: 49-121 (73)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681083698117030004

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

AIDS is a challenge to mankind. Widespread use of cART changed HIV from a progressive illness with a lethal prognosis into a chronic controlled disease with some side-effects. There is a problem of latent infection or viral reservoir(s), which is unaffected by ART and is not recognized by the immune system. Many researches have concentrated on reducing/disrupting the latent viral reservoir(s) to get rid of HIV. Mucosal surfaces are the entry point and the major regions of HIV-replication. HIV is associated with dramatic loss of gastrointestinal Th17 cells, high mucosal permeability, and chronic inflammation. Effective treatments or prophylaxis at the mucosal level are much needed. Understanding the interplay between microbiota and HIV is important for development successful strategies for HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care. Increasing evidence indicate that microbiota can play an important role in HIV transmission and pathogenesis. A new powerful probiotic product (PP) was developed. PP stimulates growth of symbiotic microflora and has a very broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. PP boosts the immune system. The strongest stimulation of mucosal immune system occurred when PP was administered directly at a mucosal surface. Various routes of PP administration are discussed. PP can improve function of cardiovascular system and cognitive function in HIV/AIDS patients. PP provided relief from opportunistic infections and improved immunological status in HIV/AIDS individuals. It is expected that PP can be used as supplemental therapy to cART.


Keywords: AIDS, Antiretroviral therapy, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Gut permeability, HIV, HIV-1, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, Human immunodeficiency virus, Inflammation, Latency, Latency reversing agent, LRA, MALT, Microbiota, Mucosal immunology, Mucus-associated lymphoid tissue, Neurotrophic factors, Non-toxicity, Opportunistic infection, Probiotics, Th17, Viral reactivation, Viral reservoirs.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59780576 and j.to_ip >=59780576 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496525 and j.to_date >= 1740496525 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10208) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59780576 and j.to_ip >=59780576 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496525 and j.to_date >= 1740496525 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10208) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59780576 and j.to_ip >=59780576 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496525 and j.to_date >= 1740496525 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 10208)
      790μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2215 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740496525 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740496525 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2215
      • 3: 1740496525
      • 4: 1740496525
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='ce82210289edb43aa25bcaedfd012784'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    23Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        BHyLRLYj7YPvDCYNOYBgB2sZZJLPeeX9p88WNde0
        uc_cart_id
        ce82210289edb43aa25bcaedfd012784
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10208" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/10208
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:15:25 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjZkR0tYT1NoVzBFT2hhREdFYkMvOGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYkx6NEVzZm5DS2J0SE1BK09YY1hGY0t0cFJtdFRpcmVaSzdHeU01OGJVOENYMlFqRHlSdHkraXprblU4eGFxYSs0NWhEaEVValFvVVBjMEh1K2lKT3IzV3ZFc1NVbnFMV2ZSbjVRWS82czVlSnJVVXpEaUpiV0pyaDhmem9yY1MiLCJtYWMiOiI3YWZkMWIxMWMxODc4ZGIxODNkNDQ3ODU0MjliNjQzNjAwNGY4NTljYjFlZTFmNWFkZWJlYjgyNGY2NThkOTAwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:15:25 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjZkR0tYT1NoVzBFT2hhREdFYkMvOGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYkx6NEVzZm5DS2J0SE1BK09YY1hGY0t0cFJtdFRpcmVaSzdHeU01OGJVOENYMlFqRHlSdHkraXprblU4eGFxYSs0NWhEa" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InowNDBvQ0l3UDFZQ0E5T0hBd09uVkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMHV3ZzBpOGxMNVkxZ0c1NURMczJvQnppWnJxeHhlOWNRYzhvazRFNE4xVnQ4WkFmTXdKVFMwNTJRYW1HRGFmYXFjSGpvT3g4UkdZT0VPMmJEWCtBMzBHQ2trTVhRMmFCRnFTTEdIQmY2SVZ0VDlxTGp2dml2MmNMTSswSWJmQWkiLCJtYWMiOiI5Yzk4MjE1YTFiYTQ1MGIyOTVjZmMyNGNlMTk4MGZkMjQzZGVkMGYxMjc1ZTZiMjVhMzYwZTk1MmY1M2MyYzJmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InowNDBvQ0l3UDFZQ0E5T0hBd09uVkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMHV3ZzBpOGxMNVkxZ0c1NURMczJvQnppWnJxeHhlOWNRYzhvazRFNE4xVnQ4WkFmTXdKVFMwNTJ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjZkR0tYT1NoVzBFT2hhREdFYkMvOGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYkx6NEVzZm5DS2J0SE1BK09YY1hGY0t0cFJtdFRpcmVaSzdHeU01OGJVOENYMlFqRHlSdHkraXprblU4eGFxYSs0NWhEaEVValFvVVBjMEh1K2lKT3IzV3ZFc1NVbnFMV2ZSbjVRWS82czVlSnJVVXpEaUpiV0pyaDhmem9yY1MiLCJtYWMiOiI3YWZkMWIxMWMxODc4ZGIxODNkNDQ3ODU0MjliNjQzNjAwNGY4NTljYjFlZTFmNWFkZWJlYjgyNGY2NThkOTAwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:15:25 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjZkR0tYT1NoVzBFT2hhREdFYkMvOGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYkx6NEVzZm5DS2J0SE1BK09YY1hGY0t0cFJtdFRpcmVaSzdHeU01OGJVOENYMlFqRHlSdHkraXprblU4eGFxYSs0NWhEa" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InowNDBvQ0l3UDFZQ0E5T0hBd09uVkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMHV3ZzBpOGxMNVkxZ0c1NURMczJvQnppWnJxeHhlOWNRYzhvazRFNE4xVnQ4WkFmTXdKVFMwNTJRYW1HRGFmYXFjSGpvT3g4UkdZT0VPMmJEWCtBMzBHQ2trTVhRMmFCRnFTTEdIQmY2SVZ0VDlxTGp2dml2MmNMTSswSWJmQWkiLCJtYWMiOiI5Yzk4MjE1YTFiYTQ1MGIyOTVjZmMyNGNlMTk4MGZkMjQzZGVkMGYxMjc1ZTZiMjVhMzYwZTk1MmY1M2MyYzJmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InowNDBvQ0l3UDFZQ0E5T0hBd09uVkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMHV3ZzBpOGxMNVkxZ0c1NURMczJvQnppWnJxeHhlOWNRYzhvazRFNE4xVnQ4WkFmTXdKVFMwNTJ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "BHyLRLYj7YPvDCYNOYBgB2sZZJLPeeX9p88WNde0" "uc_cart_id" => "ce82210289edb43aa25bcaedfd012784" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/10208" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:15:25GET/chapter/102081121925