Generic placeholder image

Current Cardiology Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-403X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6557

Review Article

Contemporary Pharmacologic Management of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Review

Author(s): Obiora Egbuche*, Bishoy Hanna, Ifeoma Onuorah, Emmanuela Uko, Yasir Taha, Jalal K. Ghali and Anekwe Onwuanyi

Volume 16, Issue 1, 2020

Page: [55 - 64] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/1573403X15666190709185011

Price: $65

Abstract

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is defined as the presence of typical symptoms of heart failure (HF) and a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%. HFrEF patients constitute approximately 50% of all patients with clinical HF. Despite breakthrough discoveries and advances in the pharmacologic management of HF, HFrEF patients continue to pose a significant economic burden due to a progressive disease characterized by recurrent hospitalizations and need for advanced therapy. Although there are effective, guideline-directed medical therapies for patients with HFrEF, a significant proportion of these patients are either not on appropriate medications’ combination or on optimal tolerable medications’ doses. Since the morbidity and mortality benefits of some of the pharmacologic therapies are dose-dependent, optimal medical therapy is required to impact the burden of disease, quality of life, prognosis, and to curb health care expenditure. In this review, we summarize landmark trials that have impacted the management of HF and we review contemporary pharmacologic management of patients with HFrEF. We also provide insight on general considerations in the management of HFrEF in specific populations. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Medline and Cochrane library for relevant articles published until April 2019 using the following key words “heart failure”, “management”, “treatment”, “device therapy”, “reduced ejection fraction”, “guidelines”, “guideline directed medical therapy”, “trials” either by itself or in combination. We also utilized the cardiology trials portal to identify trials related to heart failure. We reviewed guidelines, full articles, review articles and clinical trials and focused on the pharmacologic management of HFrEF.

Keywords: Heart failure trials, heart failure, HFrEF, ejection fraction, GDMT, management, therapy.

[1]
Biglane JB, Becnel MF, Ventura HO, Krim SR. Pharmacologic therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Closing the gap between clinical guidelines and practice. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 60(2): 187-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2017.08.006] [PMID: 28847619]
[2]
Agostoni P, Corrà U, Cattadori G, et al. Metabolic exercise test data combined with cardiac and kidney indexes, the MECKI score: A multiparametric approach to heart failure prognosis. Int J Cardiol 2013; 167(6): 2710-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.06.113] [PMID: 22795401]
[3]
Zipse MM, Tzou WS. Sudden cardiac death in nonischemic cardiomyopathy: Refining risk assessment. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2017; 28(11): 1361-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.13284] [PMID: 28670752]
[4]
Russo AM, Stainback RF, Bailey SR, et al. ACCF/HRS/AHA/ASE/HFSA/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR 2013 appropriate use criteria for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation appropriate use criteria task force, Heart Rhythm Society, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, Heart failure society of america, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, Society of cardiovascular computed tomography, and society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Heart Rhythm 2013; 10(4): e11-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.01.008] [PMID: 23473952]
[5]
Hsu JJ, Ziaeian B, Fonarow GC. Heart failure with mid-range (Borderline) Ejection Fraction: Clinical implications and future directions. JACC Heart Fail 2017; 5(11): 763-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2017.06.013] [PMID: 29032140]
[6]
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the american college of cardiology/american heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the heart failure society of America. J Card Fail 2017; 23(8): 628-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.04.014] [PMID: 28461259]
[7]
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American college of cardiology foundation/american heart association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62(16): e147-239.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019] [PMID: 23747642]
[8]
Michel FS, Magubane M, Mokotedi L, Norton GR, Woodiwiss AJ. Sex-specific effects of adrenergic-induced left ventricular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Card Fail 2017; 23(2): 161-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.09.017] [PMID: 27663100]
[9]
Gibbs M, Veliotes DG, Anamourlis C, et al. Chronic beta-adrenoreceptor activation increases cardiac cavity size through chamber remodeling and not via modifications in myocardial material properties. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 287(6): H2762-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00501.2004] [PMID: 15319203]
[10]
Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med 1987; 316(23): 1429-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198706043162301] [PMID: 2883575]
[11]
Yusuf S, Pitt B, Davis CE, Hood WB, Cohn JN. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325(5): 293-302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199108013250501] [PMID: 2057034]
[12]
Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moyé LA, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. N Engl J Med 1992; 327(10): 669-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199209033271001] [PMID: 1386652]
[13]
Cohn JN, Tognoni G. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001; 345(23): 1667-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa010713] [PMID: 11759645]
[14]
Granger CB, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet 2003; 362(9386): 772-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14284-5] [PMID: 13678870]
[15]
McMurray JJ, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet 2003; 362(9386): 767-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14283-3] [PMID: 13678869]
[16]
A randomized trial of beta-blockade in heart failure. Circulation 1994; 90(4): 1765-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.90.4.1765] [PMID: 7923660]
[17]
a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353(9146): 9-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)11181-9] [PMID: 10023943]
[18]
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999; 353(9169): 2001-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04440-2] [PMID: 10376614]
[19]
Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, et al. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001; 344(22): 1651-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200105313442201] [PMID: 11386263]
[20]
Poole-Wilson PA, Swedberg K, Cleland JG, et al. Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure in the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET): Randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 362(9377): 7-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13800-7] [PMID: 12853193]
[21]
Egbuche O, Ekechukwu I, Effoe V, et al. Effect of β-blocker therapy on hospital readmission and mortality in heart failure patients with concurrent cocaine use. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2018; 23(6): 518-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1074248418778550] [PMID: 29793347]
[22]
Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(10): 709-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199909023411001] [PMID: 10471456]
[23]
Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348(14): 1309-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa030207] [PMID: 12668699]
[24]
Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, et al. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med 2011; 364(1): 11-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1009492] [PMID: 21073363]
[25]
Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Ziesche S, et al. Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1986; 314(24): 1547-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198606123142404] [PMID: 3520315]
[26]
Taylor AL, Ziesche S, Yancy C, et al. Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure. N Engl J Med 2004; 351(20): 2049-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa042934] [PMID: 15533851]
[27]
Rame JE, Tam SW, McNamara D, et al. Dysfunctional corin i555(p568) allele is associated with impaired brain natriuretic peptide processing and adverse outcomes in blacks with systolic heart failure: results from the Genetic Risk Assessment in Heart Failure substudy. Circ Heart Fail 2009; 2(6): 541-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.866822] [PMID: 19919978]
[28]
Packer M, Califf RM, Konstam MA, et al. Comparison of omapatrilat and enalapril in patients with chronic heart failure: The Omapatrilat Versus Enalapril Randomized Trial of Utility in Reducing Events (OVERTURE). Circulation 2002; 106(8): 920-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000029801.86489.50] [PMID: 12186794]
[29]
McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, et al. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2014; 371(11): 993-1004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1409077] [PMID: 25176015]
[30]
Velazquez EJ, Morrow DA, DeVore AD, et al. Rationale and design of the comParIson of sacubitril/valsartaN versus Enalapril on effect on nt-pRo-bnp in patients stabilized from an acute Heart Failure episode (PIONEER-HF) trial. Am Heart J 2018; 198: 145-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2018.01.004] [PMID: 29653636]
[31]
Swedberg K, Komajda M, Böhm M, et al. Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): A randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2010; 376(9744): 875-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61198-1] [PMID: 20801500]
[32]
Felker GM, Lee KL, Bull DA, et al. Diuretic strategies in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. N Engl J Med 2011; 364(9): 797-805.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1005419] [PMID: 21366472]
[33]
Allen LA, Turer AT, Dewald T, Stough WG, Cotter G, O’Connor CM. Continuous versus bolus dosing of Furosemide for patients hospitalized for heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2010; 105(12): 1794-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.01.355] [PMID: 20538132]
[34]
The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1997; 336(8): 525-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199702203360801] [PMID: 9036306]
[35]
Adams KF Jr, Butler J, Patterson JH, et al. Dose response characterization of the association of serum digoxin concentration with mortality outcomes in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2016; 18(8): 1072-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.584] [PMID: 27492641]
[36]
Acharya D, Sanam K, Revilla-Martinez M, et al. Infections, arrhythmias, and hospitalizations on home intravenous inotropic therapy. Am J Cardiol 2016; 117(6): 952-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.12.030] [PMID: 26810859]
[37]
Hashim T, Sanam K, Revilla-Martinez M, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of intravenous inotropic therapy in advanced heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8(5): 880-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001778] [PMID: 26179184]
[38]
King JB, Shah RU, Sainski-Nguyen A, Biskupiak J, Munger MA, Bress AP. Effect of Inpatient Dobutamine versus Milrinone on Out-of-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Pharmacotherapy 2017; 37(6): 662-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.1939] [PMID: 28475215]
[39]
Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: Executive summary: A report of the american college of cardiology/american heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines, and the heart rhythm society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74(7): 932-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000627] [PMID: 30412710]
[40]
Gattis WA, O’Connor CM, Gallup DS, Hasselblad V, Gheorghiade M. Predischarge initiation of carvedilol in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure: Results of the Initiation Management Predischarge: Process for Assessment of Carvedilol Therapy in Heart Failure (IMPACT-HF) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43(9): 1534-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.040] [PMID: 15120808]
[41]
Tarantini L, Cioffi G, Opasich C, Di Lenarda A, Pulignano G, Del Sindaco D, et al. Pre-discharge initiation of beta-blocker therapy in elderly patients hospitalized for acute decompensation of chronic heart failure: An effective strategy for the implementation of betablockade in heart failure. Italian heart journal : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology 2004; 5(6): 441-9.
[42]
Remme WJ, Riegger G, Hildebrandt P, et al. The benefits of early combination treatment of carvedilol and an ACE-inhibitor in mild heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The carvedilol and ACE-inhibitor remodelling mild heart failure evaluation trial (CARMEN). Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2004; 18(1): 57-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CARD.0000025756.32499.6f] [PMID: 15115904]
[43]
Güvenç TS, Güvenç RC, Velibey Y, Tanık VO, Öz D, Eren M. Could ivabradine challenge be helpful for the diagnosis of intermittent sinoatrial node dysfunction in suspected patients? Med Hypotheses 2016; 92: 100-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2016.05.001] [PMID: 27241267]
[44]
Konstam MA, Gheorghiade M, Burnett JC Jr, et al. Effects of oral tolvaptan in patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure: The everest outcome trial. JAMA 2007; 297(12): 1319-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.12.1319] [PMID: 17384437]
[45]
Swedberg K, Young JB, Anand IS, et al. Treatment of anemia with darbepoetin alfa in systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2013; 368(13): 1210-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1214865] [PMID: 23473338]
[46]
Kaneko Y, Floras JS, Usui K, et al. Cardiovascular effects of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med 2003; 348(13): 1233-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa022479] [PMID: 12660387]
[47]
Piepoli MF, Dimopoulos K, Concu A, Crisafulli A. Cardiovascular and ventilatory control during exercise in chronic heart failure: role of muscle reflexes. Int J Cardiol 2008; 130(1): 3-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.02.030] [PMID: 18584895]
[48]
Piepoli MF, Crisafulli A. Pathophysiology of human heart failure: importance of skeletal muscle myopathy and reflexes. Exp Physiol 2014; 99(4): 609-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2013.074310] [PMID: 24293507]
[49]
Song T, Manoharan P, Millay DP, et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy-mediated heart failure induces a unique skeletal muscle myopathy with inflammation. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9(1): 4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13395-019-0189-y] [PMID: 30678732]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version312msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[02:59:37] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[02:59:37] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[02:59:37] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (93.14ms)time
  • Application (219ms)time
  • 1 x Application (70.13%)
    219ms
    1 x Booting (29.87%)
    93.14ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    37 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 33 unique. Show only duplicated131ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316202228','',1,1739847577,1739847577) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739847577
      1.17msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316202228','/article/99503',1,1739847577,1739847577)
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316202228 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316202228) limit 1
      17.29msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 316202228
      • 1: 316202228
      • 2: 316202228
      • 3: 316202228
      • 4: 316202228
      • 5: 316202228
      • 6: 316202228
      • 7: 316202228
      • 8: 316202228
      • 9: 316202228
      • 10: 316202228
      • 11: 316202228
      • 12: 316202228
      • 13: 316202228
      • 14: 316202228
      • 15: 316202228
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=99503
      860μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 16 limit 1
      2.7msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 16
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=16) and sj.journal_id!=16 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      690μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=16) and sj.journal_id!=16 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      540μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=16) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.03msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=16) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      910μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '99503'
      1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 99503
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '99503'
      3.61msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 99503
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '99503' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      790μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 99503
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 16 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      26.58msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 16 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      6.47msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 16 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      5.43msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 99503 limit 1
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 99503
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 99503 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid article_nid,a.title article_title,j.title journal_title from content_by_diseases cd inner join article a on a.article_id=cd.content_id inner join journal j on j.journal_id=a.journal_id where cd.pid = 258 and cd.sub_disease_id = 381 and content_id!=99503 and cd.content_type = 'article' order by rand() limit 20
      27.51msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#769
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:769
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2098
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 173352 limit 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 173352
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CCR' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CCR
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '99503' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '9629' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2738' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316202228 and j.to_ip >=316202228 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847577 and j.to_date >= 1739847577 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2738) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316202228 and j.to_ip >=316202228 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847577 and j.to_date >= 1739847577 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2738) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316202228 and j.to_ip >=316202228 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847577 and j.to_date >= 1739847577 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2738)
      23.01msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316202228 and j.to_ip >=316202228 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847577 and j.to_date >= 1739847577 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9629) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316202228 and j.to_ip >=316202228 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847577 and j.to_date >= 1739847577 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9629) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316202228 and j.to_ip >=316202228 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847577 and j.to_date >= 1739847577 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9629)
      840μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316202228 and j.to_ip >=316202228 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847577 and j.to_date >= 1739847577 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 99503) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316202228 and j.to_ip >=316202228 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847577 and j.to_date >= 1739847577 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 99503) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316202228 and j.to_ip >=316202228 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847577 and j.to_date >= 1739847577 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 99503)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '55' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9629 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      550μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 55
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '64' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9629 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 64
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      170μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 99503 limit 1
      2.42msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 99503
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 16 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847577 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847577 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.15msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 16
      • 3: 1739847577
      • 4: 1739847577
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 16 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847577 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847577 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 16
      • 3: 1739847577
      • 4: 1739847577
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='d1e47b4827a873c5221d50a26747e446'
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        O7vL4poALnWu9jmezHI6YvNRaLuAQwmqdWCkTNbq
        uc_cart_id
        d1e47b4827a873c5221d50a26747e446
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/99503" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/99503
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 02:59:37 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkJiUksyeWJSYjdIRjkwNWt3R0dHdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWTBVTHlhYVo3WGludHJwbFVPdERHZ0d0RUt5MjhWZS9McFZnNjZZQm85VGN0RlNVS3gyRXYzSEhqcFFWQ0hidlpDRWJTaW14QW9hTUkrQkx1L3hrMEZrWGxqdVlNenlJMy9rRGJFb0VQbFZHemNjcGRycWtOeWN0aWR3SG9ZSzgiLCJtYWMiOiIxZDdiMjlmYjI4YjM2YzNmYzk2YTFhY2M1Zjc0YTczYjgyZjlhZjBmZGJiYzk3MzdlNDUwMDM5NWQ3ZTQ5MmY3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 14:59:37 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkJiUksyeWJSYjdIRjkwNWt3R0dHdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWTBVTHlhYVo3WGludHJwbFVPdERHZ0d0RUt5MjhWZS9McFZnNjZZQm85VGN0RlNVS3gyRXYzSEhqcFFWQ0hidlpDRWJTa" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjVKcGhlN2hRa0hDUEcyd01qeHBHbHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQ3VKeXZxamNDV0Y3UVlKYXdMZC9sS0Z1dlphYnE5bnZXVkJDcU1xZ2hUbHRNOWFMRzhld0JNcWFITnJIcEVGYnZpaUFlbVRaZERIM2hUZjB5QmFBb0tmVjliOFZhUk51YWIyVmNDeGxJRjJYVDlhWkV5c3M2djU4dFNTQWsxOUIiLCJtYWMiOiI3Zjk1YTMzNDBjOGIxMzI2MmU0ZjU4ZWE5M2U4N2E3OTM5OTRiM2EwOTFjN2Q1YjFhOWM3ZTRhN2VkNzBlNzNhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjVKcGhlN2hRa0hDUEcyd01qeHBHbHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQ3VKeXZxamNDV0Y3UVlKYXdMZC9sS0Z1dlphYnE5bnZXVkJDcU1xZ2hUbHRNOWFMRzhld0JNcWF" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkJiUksyeWJSYjdIRjkwNWt3R0dHdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWTBVTHlhYVo3WGludHJwbFVPdERHZ0d0RUt5MjhWZS9McFZnNjZZQm85VGN0RlNVS3gyRXYzSEhqcFFWQ0hidlpDRWJTaW14QW9hTUkrQkx1L3hrMEZrWGxqdVlNenlJMy9rRGJFb0VQbFZHemNjcGRycWtOeWN0aWR3SG9ZSzgiLCJtYWMiOiIxZDdiMjlmYjI4YjM2YzNmYzk2YTFhY2M1Zjc0YTczYjgyZjlhZjBmZGJiYzk3MzdlNDUwMDM5NWQ3ZTQ5MmY3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 14:59:37 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkJiUksyeWJSYjdIRjkwNWt3R0dHdEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWTBVTHlhYVo3WGludHJwbFVPdERHZ0d0RUt5MjhWZS9McFZnNjZZQm85VGN0RlNVS3gyRXYzSEhqcFFWQ0hidlpDRWJTa" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjVKcGhlN2hRa0hDUEcyd01qeHBHbHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQ3VKeXZxamNDV0Y3UVlKYXdMZC9sS0Z1dlphYnE5bnZXVkJDcU1xZ2hUbHRNOWFMRzhld0JNcWFITnJIcEVGYnZpaUFlbVRaZERIM2hUZjB5QmFBb0tmVjliOFZhUk51YWIyVmNDeGxJRjJYVDlhWkV5c3M2djU4dFNTQWsxOUIiLCJtYWMiOiI3Zjk1YTMzNDBjOGIxMzI2MmU0ZjU4ZWE5M2U4N2E3OTM5OTRiM2EwOTFjN2Q1YjFhOWM3ZTRhN2VkNzBlNzNhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjVKcGhlN2hRa0hDUEcyd01qeHBHbHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQ3VKeXZxamNDV0Y3UVlKYXdMZC9sS0Z1dlphYnE5bnZXVkJDcU1xZ2hUbHRNOWFMRzhld0JNcWF" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "O7vL4poALnWu9jmezHI6YvNRaLuAQwmqdWCkTNbq" "uc_cart_id" => "d1e47b4827a873c5221d50a26747e446" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/99503" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 02:59:37GET/article/99503314371