Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5230
ISSN (Online): 1875-614X

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Comparative Evaluation of Colon Cancer Specific Antigen-2 Test and Chromocolonoscopy for Early Detection of Egyptian Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Author(s): Marwa Elhossary, Nehah Hawash, Rehab Badawi, Mohamed Yousef, Sherief Abd-Elsalam*, Mohammed Elhendawy, Rania Wasfy, Sabry Abou-Saif, Amal ElBendary and Saber Ismail

Volume 19, Issue 3, 2020

Page: [302 - 312] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190625164100

Abstract

Background: Effective screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) in early stage could reduce the advancement of CRC and therefore mortality. Effective screening is based on either stool dependent tests or colon dependent examination.

Aims: The aim of the study was a comparative evaluation of chromocolonoscopy and Colon Cancer-Specific Antigen-2 test for early detection of colorectal cancer in Egyptian patients.

Methods: This case control study was carried out on 55 patients classified into 3 groups: Group I consisted of twenty patients with precancerous lesions detected by colonoscopy, Group II consisted of twenty patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and Group III consisted of fifteen individuals (who underwent colonoscopy for other indications) as a control group. All the subjects were subjected to measure occult blood in the stool, measurement of Colon Cancer-Specific Antigen-2 level in serum and tissue and chromo colonoscopy using Indigo Carmine stain.

Results: In group II, there was a statistically significant increase in CCSA2 in serum as compared to the other 2 groups. Cutoff >11.3 CCSA2 in serum showed 65% sensitivity, 85% specificity, 81.2% PPV, 70.8% NPV and 70.3% accuracy in the differentiation of group II with cancer colon from group I with premalignant colonic lesions. A cutoff > 9.1 CCSA2 in serum showed 95% sensitivity, 46.67% specificity, 70.4% PPV, 87.5% NPV and 73.5% accuracy in differentiating group II with cancer colon from normal controls (group III).

Conclusion: CCSA-2 level in serum was significantly higher in cancer colon. Chromoendoscopy has a role in the detection of polyps, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer, dysplasia, polyps, screening, surveillance, chromocolonoscopy.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Torre, L.A.; Bray, F.; Siegel, R.L.; Ferlay, J.; Lortet-Tieulent, J.; Jemal, A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J. Clin., 2015, 65(2), 87-108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21262] [PMID: 25651787]
[2]
Ibrahim, A.S.; Khaled, H.M.; Mikhail, N.N.; Baraka, H.; Kamel, H. Cancer incidence in Egypt: results of the national population-based cancer registry program. J. Cancer Epidemiol., 2014, 2014, 437971.
[PMID: 25328522]
[3]
Labianca, R.; Merelli, B. Screening and diagnosis for colorectal cancer: present and future. Tumori, 2010, 96(6), 889-901.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/548.6506] [PMID: 21388049]
[4]
Smith, R.A.; Cokkinides, V.; Brooks, D.; Saslow, D.; Shah, M.; Brawley, O.W. Cancer screening in the United States, 2011: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J. Clin., 2011, 61(1), 8-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.20096] [PMID: 21205832]
[5]
Smith, R.A.; Cokkinides, V.; Brooks, D.; Saslow, D.; Shah, M.; Brawley, O.W. Cancer screening in the United States, 2011: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J. Clin., 2011, 61(1), 8-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.20096] [PMID: 21205832]
[6]
Kahi, C.J. Chromocolonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening: Dive into the Big Blue. J. Interv. Gastroenterol., 2012, 2(3), 112-113.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/jig.23729] [PMID: 23805388]
[7]
Brünagel, G.; Vietmeier, B.N.; Bauer, A.J.; Schoen, R.E.; Getzenberg, R.H. Identification of nuclear matrix protein alterations associated with human colon cancer. Cancer Res., 2002, 62(8), 2437-2442.
[PMID: 11956108]
[8]
Knychalski, B.; Lukieńczuk, T. The evaluation of diagnostic value of the tumor markers: CCSA-2 and CEA in colorectal cancer. Pol. Przegl. Chir., 2012, 84(2), 86-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10035-012-0014-3] [PMID: 22487741]
[9]
Espey, D.K.; Wu, X.C.; Swan, J.; Wiggins, C.; Jim, M.A.; Ward, E.; Wingo, P.A.; Howe, H.L.; Ries, L.A.; Miller, B.A.; Jemal, A.; Ahmed, F.; Cobb, N.; Kaur, J.S.; Edwards, B.K. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2004, featuring cancer in American Indians and Alaska Natives. Cancer, 2007, 110(10), 2119-2152.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23044] [PMID: 17939129]
[10]
Mandel, J.S. Which colorectal cancer screening test is best? J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 2007, 99(19), 1424-1425.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djm166] [PMID: 17895471]
[11]
Di Cristofaro, L.; Scarpa, M.; Angriman, I.; Perissinotto, E.; Ruffolo, C.; Frego, M.; Erroi, F. Cost-effectiveness analysis of postoperative surveillance protocols following radical surgery for colorectal cancer. Acta Chir. Belg., 2012, 112(1), 24-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2012.11680791] [PMID: 22442906]
[12]
Kemppainen, M.; Räihä, I.; Rajala, T.; Sourander, L. Characteristics of colorectal cancer in elderly patients. Gerontology, 1993, 39(4), 222-227.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000213537] [PMID: 8244050]
[13]
Zisman, T.L.; Rubin, D.T. Colorectal cancer and dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. World J. Gastroenterol., 2008, 14(17), 2662-2669.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.2662] [PMID: 18461651]
[14]
Buchanan, D.D.; Sweet, K.; Drini, M.; Jenkins, M.A.; Win, A.K.; English, D.R.; Walsh, M.D.; Clendenning, M.; McKeone, D.M.; Walters, R.J.; Roberts, A.; Pearson, S.A.; Pavluk, E.; Hopper, J.L.; Gattas, M.R.; Goldblatt, J.; George, J.; Suthers, G.K.; Phillips, K.D.; Woodall, S.; Arnold, J.; Tucker, K.; Muir, A.; Field, M.; Greening, S.; Gallinger, S.; Perrier, R.; Baron, J.A.; Potter, J.D.; Haile, R.; Frankel, W.; de la Chapelle, A.; Macrae, F.; Rosty, C.; Walker, N.I.; Parry, S.; Young, J.P. Risk factors for colorectal cancer in patients with multiple serrated polyps: a cross-sectional case series from genetics clinics. PLoS One, 2010, 5(7), e11636.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011636] [PMID: 20661287]
[15]
Zhu, B.; Wu, X.; Wu, B.; Pei, D.; Zhang, L.; Wei, L. The relationship between diabetes and colorectal cancer prognosis: a meta-analysis based on the cohort studies. PLoS One, 2017, 12(4), e0176068.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176068] [PMID: 28423026]
[16]
Yuhara, H.; Steinmaus, C.; Cohen, S.E.; Corley, D.A.; Tei, Y.; Buffler, P.A. Is diabetes mellitus an independent risk factor for colon cancer and rectal cancer? Am. J. Gastroenterol., 2011, 106(11), 1911-1921.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2011.301] [PMID: 21912438]
[17]
Deng, L.; Gui, Z.; Zhao, L.; Wang, J.; Shen, L. Diabetes mellitus and the incidence of colorectal cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig. Dis. Sci., 2012, 57(6), 1576-1585.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-012-2055-1] [PMID: 22350783]
[18]
Chiu, H.M.; Lee, Y.C.; Tu, C.H. Effects of metabolic syndrome and findings from baseline colonoscopies on occurrence of colorectal neoplasms. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2014, 10, 10-22.
[PMID: 25445768]
[19]
Ford, A.C.; Veldhuyzen van Zanten, S.J.; Rodgers, C.C.; Talley, N.J.; Vakil, N.B.; Moayyedi, P. Diagnostic utility of alarm features for colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut, 2008, 57(11), 1545-1553.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.159723] [PMID: 18676420]
[20]
Adelstein, B.A.; Macaskill, P.; Chan, S.F.; Katelaris, P.H.; Irwig, L. Most bowel cancer symptoms do not indicate colorectal cancer and polyps: a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol., 2011, 11, 65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-11-65] [PMID: 21624112]
[21]
Jones, R.; Latinovic, R.; Charlton, J.; Gulliford, M.C. Alarm symptoms in early diagnosis of cancer in primary care: cohort study using General Practice Research Database. BMJ, 2007, 334(7602), 1040.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39171.637106.AE] [PMID: 17493982]
[22]
Hamilton, W.; Lancashire, R.; Sharp, D.; Peters, T.J.; Cheng, K.K.; Marshall, T. The importance of anaemia in diagnosing colorectal cancer: a case-control study using electronic primary care records. Br. J. Cancer, 2008, 98(2), 323-327.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604165] [PMID: 18219289]
[23]
Viborg, S.; Søgaard, K.K.; Farkas, D.K.; Nørrelund, H.; Pedersen, L.; Sørensen, H.T. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding and risk of gastrointestinal cancer. Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol., 2016, 7(4), e162.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ctg.2016.16] [PMID: 27054580]
[24]
Kocarnik, J.M.; Hua, X.; Hardikar, S.; Robinson, J.; Lindor, N.M.; Win, A.K.; Hopper, J.L.; Figueiredo, J.C.; Potter, J.D.; Campbell, P.T.; Gallinger, S.; Cotterchio, M.; Adams, S.V.; Cohen, S.A.; Phipps, A.I.; Newcomb, P.A. Long-term weight loss after colorectal cancer diagnosis is associated with lower survival: The Colon Cancer Family Registry. Cancer, 2017, 123(23), 4701-4708.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30932] [PMID: 28841225]
[25]
Kuo, C.N.; Pan, J.J.; Huang, Y.W.; Tsai, H.J.; Chang, W.C. Association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colorectal cancer: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 2018, 27(7), 737-745.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0876] [PMID: 29695380]
[26]
Goodman, D.; Irvin, T.T. Delay in the diagnosis and prognosis of carcinoma of the right colon. Br. J. Surg., 1993, 80(10), 1327-1329.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800801037] [PMID: 8242314]
[27]
Curless, R.; French, J.M.; Williams, G.V.; James, O.F. Colorectal carcinoma: do elderly patients present differently? Age Ageing, 1994, 23(2), 102-107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/23.2.102] [PMID: 8023715]
[28]
Majumdar, S.R.; Fletcher, R.H.; Evans, A.T. How does colorectal cancer present? Symptoms, duration, and clues to location. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 1999, 94(10), 3039-3045.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01454.x] [PMID: 10520866]
[29]
Roncoroni, L.; Pietra, N.; Violi, V.; Sarli, L.; Choua, O.; Peracchia, A. Delay in the diagnosis and outcome of colorectal cancer: a prospective study. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol., 1999, 25(2), 173-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ejso.1998.0622] [PMID: 10218461]
[30]
Young, C.J.; Sweeney, J.L.; Hunter, A. Implications of delayed diagnosis in colorectal cancer. Aust. N. Z. J. Surg., 2000, 70(9), 635-638.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1622.2000.01916.x] [PMID: 10976891]
[31]
Dunne, J.R.; Gannon, C.J.; Osborn, T.M.; Taylor, M.D.; Malone, D.L.; Napolitano, L.M. Preoperative anemia in colon cancer: assessment of risk factors. Am. Surg., 2002, 68(6), 582-587.
[PMID: 12079143]
[32]
Gonzalez-Hermoso, F.; Perez-Palma, J.; Marchena-Gomez, J.; Lorenzo-Rocha, N.; Medina-Arana, V. Can early diagnosis of symptomatic colorectal cancer improve the prognosis? World J. Surg., 2004, 28(7), 716-720.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-004-7232-8] [PMID: 15383871]
[33]
Stapley, S.; Peters, T.J.; Sharp, D. The mortality of colorectal cancer in relation to the initial symptom and to the duration of symptoms: a cohort study in primary care. Br. J. Cancer, 2006, 95, 1321-1325.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6603439] [PMID: 17060933]
[34]
Grivennikov, S; Greten, F; Karin, M Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell, 19; 140(6), 883-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.025]
[35]
Ananthakrishnan, A.N.; Cagan, A.; Cai, T.; Gainer, V.S.; Shaw, S.Y.; Churchill, S.; Karlson, E.W.; Murphy, S.N.; Liao, K.P.; Kohane, I. Statin use is associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2016, 14(7), 973-979.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2016.02.017] [PMID: 26905907]
[36]
Nazha, B.; Moussaly, E.; Zaarour, M.; Weerasinghe, C.; Azab, B. Hypoalbuminemia in colorectal cancer prognosis: Nutritional marker or inflammatory surrogate? World J. Gastrointest. Surg., 2015, 7(12), 370-377.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v7.i12.370] [PMID: 26730282]
[37]
McCutchen, A.S.; Munoz, J.C.; Brenner, L.; Wludyka, P.; Vega, K.J. Lower albumin levels in African Americans at colon cancer diagnosis: a potential explanation for outcome disparities between groups? Int. J. Colorectal Dis., 2011, 26(4), 469-472.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00384-011-1134-7] [PMID: 21271345]
[38]
Cengiz, O.; Kocer, B.; Sürmeli, S.; Santicky, M.J.; Soran, A. Are pretreatment serum albumin and cholesterol levels prognostic tools in patients with colorectal carcinoma? Med. Sci. Monit., 2006, 12(6), CR240-CR247.
[PMID: 16733481]
[39]
Roxburgh, C.S.; Salmond, J.M.; Horgan, P.G.; Oien, K.A.; McMillan, D.C. Tumour inflammatory infiltrate predicts survival following curative resection for node-negative colorectal cancer. Eur. J. Cancer, 2009, 45(12), 2138-2145.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2009.04.011] [PMID: 19409772]
[40]
Lai, C.C.; You, J.F.; Yeh, C.Y.; Chen, J.S.; Tang, R.; Wang, J.Y.; Chin, C.C. Low preoperative serum albumin in colon cancer: a risk factor for poor outcome. Int. J. Colorectal Dis., 2011, 26(4), 473-481.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00384-010-1113-4] [PMID: 21190025]
[41]
Brown, S.R.; Baraza, W.; Hurlstone, P. Chromoscopy versus conventional endoscopy for the detection of polyps in the colon and rectum. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2007, 4, CD006439.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006439.pub2] [PMID: 17943910]
[42]
Marion, J.F.; Waye, J.D.; Israel, Y.; Present, D.H.; Suprun, M.; Bodian, C.; Harpaz, N.; Chapman, M.; Itzkowitz, S.; Abreu, M.T.; Ullman, T.A.; McBride, R.B.; Aisenberg, J.; Mayer, L. Chromoendoscopy study group at mount sinai school of medicine. Chromoendoscopy is more effective than standard colonoscopy in detecting dysplasia during long-term surveillance of patients with colitis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2016, 14(5), 713-719.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2015.11.011] [PMID: 26656297]
[43]
Walgenbach-Brunagel, G.; Burger, B.; Leman, E.S.; Walgenbach, K.J.; Tolba, R.; Heukamp, L.; Hirner, A.; Getzenberg, R.H. The use of a colon cancer associated nuclear antigen CCSA-2 for the blood based detection of colon cancer. J. Cell. Biochem., 2008, 104(1), 286-294.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.21619] [PMID: 18044711]
[44]
Xue, G.; Wang, X.; Yang, Y.; Liu, D.; Cheng, Y.; Zhou, J.; Cao, Y. Colon cancer-specific antigen-2 may be used as a detecting and prognostic marker in colorectal cancer: a preliminary observation. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4), e94252.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094252] [PMID: 24710115]
[45]
Knychalski, B.; Lukieńczuk, T. The evaluation of diagnostic value of the tumor markers: CCSA-2 and CEA in colorectal cancer. Pol. Przegl. Chir., 2012, 84(2), 86-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10035-012-0014-3] [PMID: 22487741]
[46]
Marwa, N.A. Elhossary. Comparative evaluation of chromocolonoscopy and colon cancer specific antigen- 2 test for early detection of Egyptian patients with colorectal cancer.. MD degree thesis, Tropical Medicine, Tanta University, 2019.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
9
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy