Abstract
Natural products provide cornucopia of heterocyclic systems. The nucleus of 2- phenyl chromane is one of the important and well-known heterocycles found in the natural products. Naringenin, a plant-derived flavanone (2-phenyl chroman-4-one) belongs to the family of flavanoids. It possesses diverse biologic activities such as antidiabetic, antiatherogenic, antidepressant, antiandrogenic, antiestrogenic, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, anti-Alzheimer, and memory enhancer activity. It has the potential to be used as an active pharmacophore. There have been reports of a number of molecular mechanisms underlying their beneficial activities. With emerging interest in traditional medicine and exploiting their potential based on a variety of health care systems, naringenin literature was thought to be explored. Further, this review aims to provide a new era of flavonoid-based therapeutic agents with new insights into naringenin and its derivatives as a lead compound in drug design.
Keywords: Naringenin, flavanone, pharmacophore, drug design, flavanoids, lead compound.
Graphical Abstract
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800018-2.00020-0]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf990153+] [PMID: 10552686]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14787] [PMID: 25356040]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2015.976320] [PMID: 25514618]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2014.11.002] [PMID: 25449356]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.11.026] [PMID: 24333330]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bfopcu.2013.11.001]]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-500X.114599] [PMID: 23960424]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.041] [PMID: 23103795]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-013-1594-3] [PMID: 24337945]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2012.01.010] [PMID: 22343014]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2012.07.025] [PMID: 22898296]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.015] [PMID: 18372132]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000096585] [PMID: 17065836]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10715760500233113]] [PMID: 16298737]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076349] [PMID: 14739537]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3959] [PMID: 20394007]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-015-0194-0] [PMID: 26074733]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-015-0624-5] [PMID: 26100136]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10495-012-0781-7] [PMID: 23192364]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iub.1049] [PMID: 22692793]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050956] [PMID: 23300530]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2012.686648] [PMID: 22642894]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.2929] [PMID: 23172681]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ebm.2010.009359] [PMID: 20511675]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13238-011-1056-8] [PMID: 21748601]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.056] [PMID: 18930780]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2007.12.002] [PMID: 19083396]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.05.009] [PMID: 16111881]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/102457] [PMID: 23766556]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3393] [PMID: 19318568]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13105-011-0142-y] [PMID: 22234849]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-009-0054-6] [PMID: 19727895]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db09-0634] [PMID: 19592617]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00869.x] [PMID: 18355329]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1676]] [PMID: 15919788]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.126] [PMID: 30100446]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10715762.2013.823643] [PMID: 23841752]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf203259h] [PMID: 22117528]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15376516.2012.707255] [PMID: 22900548]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2009.01.016] [PMID: 19467635]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Y09-065] [PMID: 19794524]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.04.016]]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01055.x] [PMID: 18503517]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-008-9791-0] [PMID: 19034626]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2001.5001] [PMID: 11396955]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1173]] [PMID: 18239068]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.024] [PMID: 20603175]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.015] [PMID: 18372132]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13105-014-0369-5] [PMID: 25407136]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i34.5633] [PMID: 24039355]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512005594] [PMID: 23506745]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.01.021] [PMID: 21277296]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01118.x] [PMID: 20663034]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2632] [PMID: 18844325]
[PMID: 17102822]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/162750] [PMID: 24470791]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22091485] [PMID: 28878189]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11243-015-0010-7]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.004]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2245] [PMID: 24220240]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.130] [PMID: 23177257]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13765-012-0013-4]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf2017594] [PMID: 21877710]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-010-0101-3]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.2394] [PMID: 18057732]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2005.26.12.2065]]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076261] [PMID: 15051922]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01637.x] [PMID: 21864313]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.048] [PMID: 18154951]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.09.009] [PMID: 14592471]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm060692n] [PMID: 17149865]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.124] [PMID: 15607756]