摘要
阿尔茨海默病（AD）和相关形式的痴呆症正以惊人的速度越来越多地影响着全世界的人口老龄化。世界阿尔茨海默氏症报告显示全世界患有AD的人数为4680万。随着人口老龄化，除非制定和实施有效的干预措施，否则预计到2050年这一数字将增加两倍。需要紧急努力以早期发现这种疾病。最终目标是确定分子标记物开发的可行目标，并验证其用于早期诊断AD的用途，这可以改善患者的治疗和疾病结果。 AD的诊断难以解决，因为仅在最近才报道了临床水平的AD患者的早期和准确检测和随访的方法。一些提出的AD生物标志物包括用新的成像技术和新的PET配体检测体内脑中的病理生理过程，以及确定脑脊液中的致病蛋白显示异常水平的过度磷酸化的tau和低Aβ肽。这些生物标志物已越来越多地被AD诊断标准所接受，并且是临床试验设计的重要工具，但是在临床环境中尚未完全解决昂贵和侵入性程序的可及性的困难。目前正在开发新的生物标志物以允许确定多种病理过程，包括神经炎症，突触功能障碍，代谢损伤，蛋白质聚集和神经变性。使用微创手术检测AD的高度特异性和敏感性血液生物标志物来源于人血浆和血小板中外周tau寡聚体和淀粉样蛋白变体的发现。我们还开发了一种血液tau生物标志物，其与认知能力下降以及脑萎缩的神经影像测定相关。
关键词: 阿尔茨海默病，分子生物标志物，血液标志物，脑脊液标志物，神经影像学，淀粉样β蛋白和tau蛋白靶。
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