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Review Article

基于人乳头瘤病毒基因组的检测和分型：整体分子方法

卷 19, 期 4, 2019

页: [237 - 246] 页: 10

弟呕挨: 10.2174/1566524019666190405120441

价格: $65

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摘要

人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是感染人皮肤或粘膜组织的物种特异性双链DNA病毒。 HPV的基因组结构极其多态，因此难以区分它们。 HPV表现出许多不同类型，可以细分为高风险（HR），可能是高风险和低风险（LR），在人类的生殖器官周围引起多种类型的癌症和疣。进行几种筛选方法以检测细胞学异常和HPV基因组的存在或不存在。目前可用的商业试剂盒和方法被设计用于仅检测少数HR / LR-HPV类型，这些类型昂贵，增加了受影响个体的经济负担并且不能免费获得。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法可以最小化这些差距，这是一种金标准，并且通过在最小的实验室设置中使用特异性共有引物来检测大多数HPV（已知和未知）类型的成本有效技术。在这方面，许多研究已经验证了不同组的共有引物在HPV筛查中的有效性。已经开发了许多共有引物，例如E6，E6 / E7，GP-E6 / E7，MY09 / 11，GP5 + / GP6 +，SPF10和PGMY09 / 11，以检测HPV DNA的存在。此外，HPV检测灵敏度可以通过针对特定ORF区域（如L1和E6）的共有引物组来实现，这可能最终有助于更好地诊断几种未知的HR-HPV。本综述提供了基于HPV基因组检测的可用方法，试剂盒和共有引物组的总结，它们的优点和局限性以及为HPV检测设定的未来目标。

关键词: 癌症，共有引物，HPV，开放阅读框架，PCR，整体分子方法。

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