摘要
背景：磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶（PEPCK）同种型被认为是糖异生和甘油生成途径的限速酶。 PEPCK展示了几种有趣的特征，例如a）脊椎动物进化枝中的细胞器特异性同种型（细胞质和线粒体），b）同种型的组织特异性表达和c）作为辅因子的ATP或GTP的生物特异性需要。在高等生物中，PEPCK同种型通过几种生理和病理刺激（例如肾上腺皮质激素，激素，营养饥饿和缺氧）被错综复杂地调节和激活。同种型特异性转录/翻译调节及其在维持葡萄糖稳态中的相互作用仍有待完全理解。越来越多的证据表明PEPCK同种型在生理过程（发育和长寿）以及各种疾病（代谢紊乱，癌症，Smith-Magenis综合征）的进展中的重要参与。 目的：本系统评价旨在吸收从细胞，动物和临床模型衍生的PEPCK同种型的转录和翻译调控的现有知识。 结论：基于目前的知识和广泛的生物信息学分析，在本综述中，我们提供了PCK1和PCK2基因的比较（epi）遗传理解，包括调控元件，疾病相关多态性，拷贝数变异，调节miRNA和CpG密度。我们还讨论了各种PEPCK同种型的外源性和内源性调节剂及其信号传导机制。对PEPCK调控和功能的现有知识的全面审查可以确定潜在的差距，以设计与糖异生相关的疾病的新药理学策略和干预措施。
关键词: CpG甲基化，SNP，突变，CNV，miRNA，肿瘤，缺氧，AU元件。
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