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Review Article

耳鸣的褪黑素治疗分子特征：综述

卷 20, 期 11, 2019

页: [1112 - 1128] 页: 17

弟呕挨: 10.2174/1389450120666190319162147

价格: $65

摘要

耳鸣是一种听觉障碍，其特征在于没有外部声学刺激的声音感觉，这是由于过度水平的噪音，耳毒性剂和老化对听觉系统的损害引起的。神经可塑性，氧化/亚硝化应激和细胞凋亡在耳鸣的发病机制中起重要作用。与过度谷氨酸能神经传递相关的神经可塑性的表达导致在一个人的耳朵或头部产生异常声音。此外，响应谷氨酸过量释放的NMDA受体的过度活化和过表达导致初级听觉神经元中的钙超载和随后的细胞毒性。在病理条件下由不同类型的耳蜗细胞内源性地产生活性氧/氮物质，其导致细胞内组分的直接损伤和凋亡细胞死亡。耳蜗毛细胞死亡有助于听觉神经元的进行性传入神经衰弱，从而导致听觉通路的几个部分的异常活动。因此，靶向神经可塑性，氧化/亚硝化应激，细胞凋亡和自噬可以改善耳鸣。褪黑激素是内源性产生的吲哚胺同步昼夜节律和周期性节律。基于实验室研究表明褪黑激素对声损伤和耳毒性药物引起的耳蜗损伤的保护作用，以及报告褪黑激素最小化耳鸣严重程度的临床研究，褪黑素被认为是耳鸣患者的治疗选择。 。在这里，我们描述了褪黑激素对耳鸣的改善作用，重点是神经可塑性，氧化/亚硝化应激，细胞凋亡和自噬。

关键词: 耳鸣，褪黑激素，神经可塑性，氧化应激，自噬，细胞凋亡。

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图形摘要

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