[1]
de Souza HS, Fiocchi C. Immunopathogenesis of IBD: current state of the art. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 13(1): 13-27.
[2]
Roda G, Jharap B, Neeraj N, Colombel JF. Loss of response to anti-TNFs: Definition, epidemiology, and management. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2016; 7: e135.
[3]
Ghosh S, Panaccione R. Anti-adhesion molecule therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2010; 3(4): 239-58.
[4]
Bargatze RF, Jutila MA, Butcher EC. Distinct roles of L-selectin and integrins alpha 4 beta 7 and LFA-1 in lymphocyte homing to Peyer’s patch-HEV in situ: The multistep model confirmed and refined. Immunity 1995; 3(1): 99-108.
[5]
Pribila JT, Quale AC, Mueller KL, Shimizu Y. Integrins and T cell-mediated immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2004; 22: 157-80.
[6]
Rivera-Nieves J, Gorfu G, Ley K. Leukocyte adhesion molecules in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14(12): 1715-35.
[7]
Ley K, Laudanna C, Cybulsky MI, Nourshargh S. Getting to the site of inflammation: the leukocyte adhesion cascade updated. Nat Rev Immunol 2007; 7(9): 678-89.
[8]
Rosen H, Gonzalez-Cabrera PJ, Sanna MG, Brown S. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor signaling. Annu Rev Biochem 2009; 78: 743-68.
[9]
Verstockt B, Ferrante M, Vermeire S, Van Assche G. New treatment options for inflammatory bowel diseases. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53(5): 585-90.
[10]
Bamias G, Clark DJ, Rivera-Nieves J. Leukocyte traffic blockade as a therapeutic strategy in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Drug Targets 2013; 14(12): 1490-500.
[11]
Sandborn WJ, Colombel JF, Enns R, et al. Natalizumab induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(18): 1912-25.
[12]
Targan SR, Feagan BG, Fedorak RN, et al. Natalizumab for the treatment of active Crohn’s disease: results of the ENCORE Trial. Gastroenterology 2007; 132(5): 1672-83.
[13]
Schwab N, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Melzer N, Cutter G, Wiendl H. Natalizumab-associated PML: Challenges with incidence, resulting risk, and risk stratification. Neurology 2017; 88(12): 1197-205.
[14]
Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Rutgeerts P, et al. Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 2013; 369(8): 711-21.
[15]
Sands BE, Feagan BG, Rutgeerts P, et al. Effects of vedolizumab induction therapy for patients with Crohn’s disease in whom tumor necrosis factor antagonist treatment failed. Gastroenterology 2014; 147(3): 618-627.e3.
[16]
Sandborn WJ, Panes J, Jones J, et al. Etrolizumab as induction therapy in moderate to severe Crohn’s disease: Results from BERGAMOT cohort 1. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5(8): 1139.
[17]
Sandborn WJ, Lee SD, Tarabar D, et al. Phase II evaluation of anti-MAdCAM antibody PF-00547659 in the treatment of Crohn’s disease: report of the OPERA study. Gut 2018; 67(10): 1824-35.
[18]
Feagan BG, Rutgeerts P, Sands BE, et al. Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med 2013; 369(8): 699-710.
[19]
Vermeire S, O’Byrne S, Keir M, et al. Etrolizumab as induction therapy for ulcerative colitis: a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2014; 384(9940): 309-18.
[20]
Peyrin-Biroulet L, Rubin DT, Feagan BG, et al. Etrolizumab induction therapy improved endoscopic score, patient-reported outcomes, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with moderate to severe UC who had failed TNF antagonist therapy: Results from the HICKORY open-label induction (OLI) trial. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5(8): 1138-9.
[21]
Vermeire S, Sandborn WJ, Danese S, et al. Anti-MAdCAM antibody (PF-00547659) for ulcerative colitis (TURANDOT): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2017; 390(10090): 135-44.
[22]
Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Wolf DC, et al. Ozanimod Induction and Maintenance Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis. N Engl J Med 2016; 374(18): 1754-62.
[23]
Jairath V, Khanna R, Feagan BG. Alicaforsen for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26(8): 991-7.
[24]
van Deventer SJ, Wedel MK, Baker BF, Xia S, Chuang E, Miner PB Jr. A phase II dose ranging, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of alicaforsen enema in subjects with acute exacerbation of mild to moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 23(10): 1415-25.
[25]
Miner PB Jr, Wedel MK, Xia S, Baker BF. Safety and efficacy of two dose formulations of alicaforsen enema compared with mesalazine enema for treatment of mild to moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis: a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 23(10): 1403-13.
[26]
Sandborn WJ, Rutgeerts P, Enns R, et al. Adalimumab induction therapy for Crohn disease previously treated with infliximab: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146(12): 829-38.