摘要
背景：正常压力脑积水（NPH）是一种严重的脑部疾病，其中过量的脑脊液（CSF）积聚在脑室中，导致脑组织受损或破坏。在各种体征和症状中，行走困难，言语不清，决策制定和批判性思维受损，膀胱和碗控制丧失被认为是NPH的标志性特征。 目的：目前的审查旨在对主要采用的神经影像技术进行全面的概述和批判性评估，以便合理诊断和有效监测NPH所采用的治疗干预的有效性。此外，还评估了近期发展和用于治疗脑积水的药物的利用的重要概述。 结果：考虑到与基于分流的外科手术相关的并发症，通过神经影像学技术一致监测分流具有更大的临床意义。尽管具有MRI和CT扫描的广泛适用性，但这些传统的神经成像技术与误诊或对患者的若干健康风险相关。 MRI的最新进展（即Sagittal-MRI，冠状MRI，时间SLIP（时间 - 空间 - 标记 - 反转 - 脉冲），PC-MRI和扩散张量成像（DTI））在诊断中显示出有希望的适用性NPH。通过手术干预与多种不良反应相关联，非侵入性方法（药物制剂）引起了科学家，医学专业人员和医疗保健提供者的更大兴趣。在药理学试剂中，利尿剂，异山梨醇，渗透剂，碳酸酐酶抑制剂，糖皮质激素，NSAID，地高辛和金-198已用于NPH的管理和预防继发性感觉/智力并发症。 结论：采用合理的诊断工具和治疗方法可避免误导性误诊，并通过有效减少脑脊液（CSF）的产生，减少继发于脑膜炎和出血的纤维化和炎症级联，以及保护大脑免于进一步恶化，对脑积水进行误导性诊断和复杂管理。
关键词: 脑积水，诊断，磁共振成像，治疗方式，皮质类固醇，异山梨醇单硝酸酯。
图形摘要
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