Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Diabetes Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-3998
ISSN (Online): 1875-6417

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Bilateral Interrelationship of Diabetes and Periodontium

Author(s): Apoorva B. Badiger, Triveni M. Gowda*, Khyati Chandra and Dhoom S. Mehta

Volume 15, Issue 5, 2019

Page: [357 - 362] Pages: 6

DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190115144534

Price: $65

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth which is a common cause of tooth mortality in all individuals throughout the world. Diabetes is a group of metabolic dysregulation, primarily of carbohydrate metabolism, characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis have shown that the prevalence of periodontitis is increased in diabetic patients. Based on the evidence, degree of hyperglycemia and severity of periodontitis are inter- related. Diabetic patients with severe periodontitis have six times more poor glycemic control than patients with healthy periodontium. However, improved glycemic control has been postulated to reduce the severity of periodontal disease.

In this mini-review, we have presented the previously reviewed studies from the literature and focused on a two-way relationship of diabetes and periodontitis, various pathways involved in it such as RANK/RANKL/OPG axis, AGE-RAGE pathway, Oxidative stress mechanism, and obesity that influence the possibility of periodontitis-Diabetes Mellitus (DM).

Keywords: Periodontitis, diabetes, obesity, immune system, periodontal pathogens, inflammation.

[1]
Obesity and overweight [Internet]. Who.int. 2019 [cited 18 March 2019]. Available from:. https://www.who.int/news-room/ fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
[2]
Nelson RG, Shlossman M, Budding LM, et al. Periodontal disease and NIDDM in Pima Indians. Diabetes Care 1990; 13(8): 836-40.
[3]
Löe H. Periodontal disease: The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 329-34.
[4]
Cianciola LJ, Park PH, Bruck E, Mosovich L, Genco RJ. Preva-lence of periodontal disease in insulin-dependent mellitus (juvenile diabetes). J Am Dent Assoc 1982; 104: 653-60.
[5]
Ueta E, Osaki T, Yoneda K, Yamamoto T. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in odontogenic infections and oral candidiasis: An analysis of neutrophil suppression. J Oral Pathol Med 1993; 22: 168-74.
[6]
Kripal K. Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for periodontitis. EC Dental Science 2017; 1: S2.
[7]
Preshaw PM, Alba AL, Herrera D, et al. Periodontitis and diabetes: a two-way relationship. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 21-31.
[8]
Nassar H, Kantarci A, Van Dyke TE. Diabetic periodontitis: A model for activated innate immunity and impaired resolution of in-flammation. Periodontol 2000 2007; 43: 233-44.
[9]
McInerney MF, Alexander LA, Morran MP, Pietropaolo M. Innate immunity, toll-like receptors, and diabetes. Immunol Rev 2009; 5: 111-21.
[10]
Periodontal Myths and Mysteries Series (IV) – The Size of the “Periodontal Wound” [Internet]. Periodontology. 2019 [Cited 18 March 2019]. Available from:. https://scholarlyperio.wordpress. com/2015/09/20/periodontal-mythsand-mysteries-series-iv-the-size-of-the-periodontal-wound/
[11]
Boyce BF, Xing L. Biology of RANK, RANKL, and osteoprote-gerin. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 9: S1.
[12]
Zhang L, Ding Y, Rao GZ, Miao D. Effects of IL-10 and glucose on expression of OPG and RANKL in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49(4)e4324
[13]
Kundalić J, Pavlović D, Jevtović-Stoimenov T, et al. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Acta Med 2016; 55: 66-72.
[14]
Halliwell B. Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: curios-ity, cause, or consequence? Lancet 1994; 344: 721-4.
[15]
Basta G, Schmidt AM, De Caterina R. Advanced glycation end products and vascular inflammation: Implications for accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes. Cardiovasc Res 2004; 63: 582-92.
[16]
Goldin A, Beckman JA, Schmidt AM, Creager MA. Advanced glycation end products: sparking the development of diabetic vas-cular injury. Circulation 2006; 114: 597-605.
[17]
Ramasamy R, Yan SF, Schmidt AM. Receptor for AGE (RAGE): signaling mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its com-plications. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1243: 88-102.
[18]
Ley RE, Turnbaugh PJ, Klein S, Gordon JI. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 2006; 444: 1022.
[19]
Wang S, Liu J, Zhang J, et al. Glycemic control and adipokines after periodontal therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31e90
[20]
Tam J, Hoffmann T, Fischer S, Bornstein S, Gräßler J, Noack B. Obesity alters composition and diversity of the oral microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus independently of glycemic control. PLoS One 2018; 13e0204724
[21]
Kharitonenkov A, Shiyanova TL, Koester A, et al. FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 1627-35.
[22]
Bak EJ, Park HG, Kim M, et al. The effect of metformin on alveolar bone in ligature-induced periodon-titis in rats: A pilot study. J Periodontol 2010; 81: 412-9.
[23]
Kanazawa I, Yamaguchi T, Yano S, Yamauchi M, Sugimoto T. Metformin enhances the differentiation and mineralization of os-teoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells via AMP kinase activation as well as eNOS and BMP-2 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 375: 414-9.
[24]
Agarwal A. Osteogenic action of anti-diabetic drug metformin in periodontal disease. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2013; 5: 327.
[25]
Mai QG, Zhang ZM, Xu S, et al. Metformin stimulates osteoprotegerin and reduces RANKL expression in osteoblasts and ovariectomized rats. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112: 2902-9.
[26]
Liu R, Bal HS, Desta T, et al. Diabetes enhances periodontal bone loss through enhanced resorption and diminished bone formation. J Dent Res 2006; 85: 510-4.
[27]
Bacevic M, Brkovic B, Albert A, et al. Does oxidative stress play a role in altered characteristics of diabetic bone? A systematic review. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 101: 553-63.
[28]
Abariga SA, Whitcomb BW. Periodontitis and gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16: 344.
[29]
Graziani F, Gennai S, Lillo L, Petrini M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic observational evidence on glycaemic control and risk of developing diabetes in healthy patients. In18th International Congress SIdP Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology, Rimini, Italy. 2017.
[30]
Nelson RG, Shlossman M, Budding LM, et al. Periodontal disease and NIDDM in Pima Indians. Diabetes Care 1990; 13: 836-40.
[31]
Tsai C, Hayes C, Taylor GW. Glycemic control of type 2 diabetes and severe periodontal disease in the US adult population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2002; 30: 182-92.
[32]
Teshome A, Yitayeh A. The effect of periodontal therapy on gly-cemic control and fasting plasma glucose level in type 2 diabetic patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17: 31.
[33]
Madianos PN, Koromantzos PA. An update of the evidence on the potential impact of periodontal therapy on diabetes outcomes. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45: 188-95.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
60
3
1
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy