Molecular Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies Including Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

doi:10.2174/1568009619666181210114559
摘要

肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因。分子靶向治疗极大地推进了非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的治疗领域，非小细胞肺癌占大多数肺癌。实际上，吉非替尼是第一种分子靶向治疗药物，实际上使NSCLC患者的存活时间翻了一番。临床医生和研究人员的大力努力表明，肺癌通过许多驱动基因的激活突变而发展，包括表皮生长因子受体（EGFR），间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK），c-ros癌基因1（ROS1），v-Raf鼠肉瘤病毒致癌基因同源物B（BRAF），并在转染期间重新排列（RET）基因。虽然ALK，ROS1和RET是罕见的遗传异常，但相应的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKIs）可以发挥显着的治疗效果。除了靶向驱动基因的抗癌药物外，贝伐单抗还特异性结合人血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）并阻断VEGF信号通路。 VEGF信号阻断抑制肿瘤组织中的血管生成并抑制肿瘤生长。在这篇综述中，我们还探索了免疫疗法，这是一种有前途的新型NSCLC治疗方法。通常，癌症患者的抗肿瘤免疫应答受到抑制，癌细胞从免疫监视机制中逃脱。免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）是针对主要逃避机制，免疫检查点的抗体。据报道，对ICI有反应的患者会经历长期的治疗效果。正在开发广泛的临床方法，包括涉及化学疗法或放射加辅助疗法的联合疗法。
关键词: 非小细胞肺癌，EGFR，ALK，ROS-1，BRAF，RET，VEGF，免疫检查点抑制剂。
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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009619666181210114559	Print ISSN 1568-0096
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1873-5576
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当代肿瘤药物靶点

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