Generic placeholder image

Current Cardiology Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-403X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6557

Review Article

Rate and Predictors of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Current Status

Author(s): Eleonora Russo*, Domenico R. Potenza, Michela Casella, Raimondo Massaro, Giulio Russo, Maurizio Braccio, Antonio Dello Russo and Mauro Cassese

Volume 15, Issue 3, 2019

Page: [205 - 218] Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/1573403X15666181205105821

Price: $65

Abstract

Transcather aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a safe and indispensable treatment option for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who are at high surgical risk. Recently, outcomes after TAVI have improved significantly and TAVI has emerged as a qualified alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement in the treatment of intermediate risk patients and greater adoption of this procedure is to be expected in a wider patients population, including younger patients and low surgical risk patients. However since the aortic valve has close spatial proximity to the conduction system, conduction anomalies are frequently observed in TAVI. In this article, we aim to review the key aspects of pathophysiology, current incidence, predictors and clinical association of conduction anomalies following TAVI.

Keywords: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation, pacemaker implantation, predictive factors, left bundle branch block, review, valve in valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation, electrophysiological study.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Smith CR, Leon MB, Mack MJ, et al. PARTNER Trial Investigators. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic-valve replacement in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2011; 364(23): 2187-98.
[2]
Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. AHA/ACC 2017 Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70(2): 252-89.
[3]
De Torres-Alba F, Kaleschke G, Diller GP, et al. Changes in the pacemaker rate after transition from edwards sapien xt to sapien 3 transcatheter aortic valve implantation: The critical role of valve implantation height. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9(8): 805-13.
[4]
Husser O, Pellegrini C, Kessler T, et al. Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantations and new-onset conduction abnormalities with the SAPIEN 3 balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9(3): 244-54.
[5]
Webb JG, Wood DA, Ye J, et al. Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation for failed bioprosthetic heart valves. Circulation 2010; 121(16): 1848-57.
[6]
Silaschi M, Wendler O, Seiffert M, et al. Transcatheter valve in-valve implantation versus redo surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with failed aortic bioprostheses. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 24(1): 63-70.
[7]
Kawashima T, Sato F. Visualizing anatomical evidences on atrio ventricular conduction system for TAVI. Int J Cardiol 2014; 174(1): 1-6.
[8]
Lange P, Greif M, Vogel A, et al. Reduction of pacemaker implantation rates after CoreValve® implantation by moderate predilatation. EuroIntervention 2014; 9(10): 1151-7.
[9]
Auffret V, Regueiro A, Campelo-Parada F, et al. Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve replacement without balloon predilation: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 90(5): 839-50.
[10]
Martin GP, Sperrin M, Bagur R, et al. Pre-implantation balloon aortic valvuloplasty and clinical outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A propensity score analysis of the UK registry. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6(2): pii e004695.
[11]
Rogers T, Waksman R, Harrison JK, et al. Impact of balloon predilatation on hemodynamics and outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the self-expanding corevalve prosthesis. Am J Cardiol 2018; 121(11): 1358-64.
[12]
Al-Azzam F, Greason KL, Krittanawong C, et al. The influence of native aortic valve calcium and transcatheter valve oversize on the need for pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve insertion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 153(5): 1056-62.
[13]
Lefèvre T, Kappetein AP, Wolner E, et al. PARTNER EU Investigator Group. One year follow-up of the multi-centre European PARTNER transcatheter heart valve study. Eur Heart J 2011; 32(2): 148-57.
[14]
Abdel-Wahab M, Mehilli J, Frerker C, et al. CHOICE investigators. Comparison of balloon-expandable vs self-expandable valves in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: The CHOICE randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014; 311(15): 1503-14.
[15]
Petronio AS, De Carlo M, Bedogni F, et al. Safety and efficacy of the subclavian approach for transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the CoreValve revalving system. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3(4): 359-66.
[16]
van Rosendael PJ, Delgado V, Bax JJ. Pacemaker implantation rate after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with early and new-generation devices: A systematic review. Eur Heart J 2018; 39(21): 2003-13.
[17]
Nijhoff F, Abawi M, Agostoni P, Ramjankhan FZ, Doevendans PA, Stella PR. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the new balloon-expandable Sapien 3 versus Sapien XT valve system: A propensity score-matched single-center comparison. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 8(6): e002408.
[18]
Wendler O, Schymik G, Treede H, et al. SOURCE 3: 1-year outcomes post-transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the latest generation of the balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve. Eur Heart J 2017; 38(36): 2717-26.
[19]
Popma JJ, Reardon MJ, Khabbaz K, et al. Early clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement using a novel self-expanding bioprosthesis in patients with severe aortic stenosis who are suboptimal for surgery: Results of the Evolut R U.S. study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10(3): 268-75.
[20]
Giannini C, De Carlo M, Tamburino C, et al. Transcathether aortic valve implantation with the new repositionable self-expandable Evolut R versus CoreValve system: A case-matched comparison. Int J Cardiol 2017; 243: 126-31.
[21]
Möllmann H, Walther T, Siqueira D, et al. Transfemoral TAVI using the self-expanding ACURATE neo prosthesis: One-year outcomes of the multicentre “CE-approval cohort”. EuroIntervention 2017; 13(9): e1040-6.
[22]
Meredith IT, Worthley SG, Whitbourn RJ, et al. Transfemoral aortic valve replacement with the repositionable Lotus Valve System in high surgical risk patients: The REPRISE I study. EuroIntervention 2014; 9(11): 1264-70.
[23]
Meredith IT, Walters DL, Dumonteil N, et al. 1-year outcomes with the fully repositionable and retrievable lotus transcatheter aortic replacement valve in 120 high-risk surgical patients with severe aortic stenosis: Results of the REPRISE II study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9(4): 376-84.
[24]
Giannini F, Latib A, Montorfano M, et al. A comparison of the fully repositionable and retrievable Boston Lotus and direct flow medical valves for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis: A single center experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 91(5): 966-74.
[25]
Naber CK, Pyxaras SA, Ince H, et al. A multicentre European registry to evaluate the Direct Flow Medical transcatheter aortic valve system for the treatment of patients with severe aortic stenosis. EuroIntervention 2016; 12(11): e1413-9.
[26]
Silaschi M, Conradi L, Wendler O, et al. The JUPITER registry: One-year outcomes of transapical aortic valve implantation using a second generation transcatheter heart valve for aortic regurgitation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 91(7): 1345-51.
[27]
Möllmann H, Linke A, Holzhey DM, et al. Implantation and 30-day follow-up on all 4 valve sizes within the portico transcatheter aortic bioprosthetic family. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10(15): 1538-47.
[28]
Walther T, Manoharan G, Linke A, et al. Incidence of new-onset left bundle branch block and predictors of new permanent pacemaker following transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the Portico™ valve. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 54(3): 467-74.
[29]
Tzamtzis S, Viquerat J, Yap J, Mullen MJ, Burriesci G. Numerical analysis of the radial force produced by the Medtronic-CoreValve and Edwards-SAPIEN after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Med Eng Phys 2013; 35(1): 125-30.
[30]
Meredith Am IT, Walters DL, Dumonteil N, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis using a repositionable valve system: 30-day primary endpoint results from the REPRISE II study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64(13): 1339-48.
[31]
van Gils L, Tchetche D, Lhermusier T, et al. Transcatheter heart valve selection and permanent pacemaker implantation in patients with pre-existent right bundle branch block. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6(3): pii e005028.
[32]
Mauri V, Reimann A, Stern D, et al. Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the SAPIEN 3. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9(21): 2200-9.
[33]
Gonska B, Seeger J, Keßler M, von Keil A, Rottbauer W, Wöhrle J. Predictors for permanent pacemaker implantation in patients undergoing transfemoral aortic valve implantation with the Edwards Sapien 3 valve. Clin Res Cardiol 2017; 106(8): 590-7.
[34]
Petronio AS, Sinning JM, Van Mieghem N, et al. Optimal implantation depth and adherence to guidelines on permanent pacing to improve the results of transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the medtronic corevalve system: The corevalve prospective, international, post-market ADVANCE-II study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 8(6): 837-46.
[35]
Katsanos S, van Rosendael P, Kamperidis V, et al. Insights into new-onset rhythm conduction disorders detected by multi-detector row computed tomography after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Am J Cardiol 2014; 114(10): 1556-61.
[36]
Nishiyama T, Tanosaki S, Tanaka M, et al. Predictive factor and clinical consequence of left bundle-branch block after a transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Int J Cardiol 2017; 227: 25-9.
[37]
Lange P, Greif M, Vogel A, et al. Reduction of pacemaker implantation rates after CoreValve(R) implantation by moderate predilatation. EuroIntervention 2014; 9(10): 1151-7.
[38]
Nombela-Franco L, Rodés-Cabau J, DeLarochellière R, et al. Predictive factors, efficacy, and safety of balloon post-dilation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a balloon-expandable valve. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5(5): 499-512.
[39]
Amat-Santos IJ, Dahou A, Webb J, et al. Comparison of hemodynamic performance of the balloon-expandable SAPIEN 3 versus SAPIEN XT transcatheter valve. Am J Cardiol 2014; 114(7): 1075-82.
[40]
Daneault B, Koss E, Hahn RT, et al. Efficacy and safety of postdilatation to reduce paravalvular regurgitation during balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 6(1): 85-91.
[41]
Franzoni I, Latib A, Maisano F, et al. Comparison of incidence and predictors of left bundle branch block after transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the CoreValve versus the Edwards valve. Am J Cardiol 2013; 112(4): 554-9.
[42]
Willson AB1, Webb JG, Labounty TM, et al. 3-dimensional aortic annular assessment by multidetector computed tomography predicts moderate or severe paravalvular regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A multicenter retrospective analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59(14): 1287-94.
[43]
Schroeter T, Linke A, Haensig M, et al. Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation after Medtronic CoreValve bioprosthesis implantation. Europace 2012; 14(12): 1759-63.
[44]
Leber AW, Eichinger W, Rieber J, et al. MSCT guided sizing of the Edwards Sapien XT TAVI device: Impact of different degrees of oversizing on clinical outcome. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168(3): 2658-64.
[45]
Husser O, Pellegrini C, Kessler T, et al. Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantations and new-onset conduction abnormalities with the SAPIEN 3 balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9(3): 244-54.
[46]
Blanke P, Pibarot P, Hahn R, et al. Computed tomography-based oversizing degrees and incidence of paravalvular regurgitation of a new generation transcatheter heart valve. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10(8): 810-20.
[47]
Erkapic D, De Rosa S, Kelava A, Lehmann R, Fichtlscherer S, Hohnloser SH. Risk for permanent pacemaker after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a comprehensive analysis of the literature. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2012; 23: 391-7.
[48]
Akin I, Kische S, Paranskaya L, et al. Predictive factors for pacemaker requirement after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2012; 12: 87.
[49]
Boerlage-Van Dijk K, Kooiman KM, Yong ZY, et al. Predictors and permanency of cardiac conduction disorders and ne- cessity of pacing after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2014; 37: 1520-9.
[50]
Testa L, Latib A, De Marco F, et al. Clinical impact of persistent left bundle-branch block after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with CoreValve Revalving System. Circulation 2013; 127: 1300-7.
[51]
Houthuizen P, van der Boon RM, Urena M, et al. Occurrence, fate and consequences of ventricular conduction abnormalities after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. EuroIntervention 2014; 9(10): 1142-50.
[52]
Urena M, Mok M, Serra V, et al. Predictive factors and long-term clinical consequences of persistent left bundle branch block following transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a balloon-expandable valve. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60(18): 1743-52.
[53]
Toggweiler S, Stortecky S, Holy E, et al. The electrocardiogram after transcatheter aortic valve replacement determines the risk for post-procedural high-degree av block and the need for telemetry monitoring. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9(12): 1269-76.
[54]
Bagur R, Rodés-Cabau J, Gurvitch R, et al. Need for permanent pacemaker as a complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation and surgical aortic valve replacement in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis and similar baseline electrocardiographic findings. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5(5): 540-51.
[55]
Chorianopoulos E, Krumsdorf U, Pleger ST, Katus HA, Bekeredjian R. Incidence of late occurring bradyarrhythmias after TAVI with the self-expanding CoreValve(®) aortic bioprosthesis. Clin Res Cardiol 2012; 101(5): 349-55.
[56]
Nazif TM, Dizon JM, Hahn RT, et al. PARTNER Publications Office. Predictors and clinical outcomes of permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: The PARTNER (Placement of AoRtic TraNscathetER Valves) trial and registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 8(1 Pt A): 60-9.
[57]
Pereira E, Ferreira N, Caeiro D, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation and requirements of pacing over time. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2013; 36(5): 559-69.
[58]
Urena M, Webb JG, Tamburino C, et al. Permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: impact on late clinical outcomes and left ventricular function. Circulation 2014; 129(11): 1233-43.
[59]
Sawaya FJ, Spaziano M, Lefèvre T, et al. Comparison between the SAPIEN S3 and the SAPIEN XT transcatheter heart valves: A single-center experience. World J Cardiol 2016; 8(12): 735-45.
[60]
van der Boon RM, Van Mieghem NM, Theuns DA, et al. Pacemaker dependency after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the self-expanding Medtronic CoreValve System. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168(2): 1269-73.
[61]
Naveh S, Perlman GY, Elitsur Y, et al. Electrocardiographic predictors of long-term cardiac pacing dependency following transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2017; 28(2): 216-23.
[62]
Renilla A, Rubín JM, Rozado J, Moris C. Long-term evolution of pacemaker dependency after percutaneous aortic valve implantation with the corevalve prosthesis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 201: 61-3.
[63]
Perrin N, Perrin T, Hachulla AL, et al. Conduction disorders using the Evolut R prosthesis compared with the CoreValve: has anything changed? Open Heart 2018; 5(1): e000770.
[64]
Meredith Am IT, Walters DL, Dumonteil N, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis using a repositionable valve system: 30-day primary endpoint results from the REPRISE II study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64(13): 1339-48.
[65]
Siontis GC, Jüni P, Pilgrim T, et al. Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR: A meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64(2): 129-40.
[66]
Buellesfeld L, Stortecky S, Heg D, et al. Impact of permanent pacemaker implantation on clinical outcome among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60(6): 493-501.
[67]
Latsios G, Gerckens U, Buellesfeld L, et al. “Device landing zone” calcification, assessed by MSCT, as a predictive factor for pacemaker implantation after TAVI. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 76(3): 431-9.
[68]
Abramowitz Y, Kazuno Y, Chakravarty T, et al. Concomitant mitral annular calcification and severe aortic stenosis: Prevalence, characteristics and outcome following transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J 2017; 38(16): 1194-203.
[69]
Toutouzas K, Synetos A, Tousoulis D, et al. Predictors for permanent pacemaker implantation after core valve implantation in patients without preexisting ECG conduction disturbances: The role of a new echocardiographic index. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172(3): 601-3.
[70]
Schewel D, Schewel J, Schlüter M, et al. Correlation of tricuspid regurgitation and new pacemaker implantation in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Int J Cardiol 2018; 261: 37-41.
[71]
Spaziano M, Chieffo A, Watanabe Y, et al. WIN-TAVI Investigators. Computed tomography predictors of mortality, stroke and conduction disturbances in women undergoing TAVR: A sub-analysis of the WIN-TAVI registry. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2018; 12(4): 338-43.
[72]
Breithardt G, Breithardt OA. Left bundle branch block, an old-new entity. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5(2): 107-16.
[73]
Maeno Y, Abramowitz Y, Kawamori H, et al. A Highly predictive risk model for pacemaker implantation after TAVR. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10: 1139-47.
[74]
Abramowitz Y, Kazuno Y, Chakravarty T, et al. Concomitant mitral annular calcification and severe aortic stenosis: prevalence, characteristics and outcome following transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J 2017; 38(16): 1194-203.
[75]
Rodríguez-Olivares R, van Gils L, El Faquir N, et al. Importance of the left ventricular outflow tract in the need for pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Int J Cardiol 2016; 216: 9-15.
[76]
Guetta V, Goldenberg G, Segev A, et al. Predictors and course of high-degree atrioventricular block after transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the CoreValve Revalving System. Am J Cardiol 2011; 108(11): 1600-5.
[77]
Zaman S, McCormick L, Gooley R, et al. Incidence and predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation following treatment with the repositionable Lotus™ transcatheter aortic valve. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 90(1): 147-54.
[78]
Salizzoni S, Anselmino M, Fornengo C, et al. One-year follow-up of conduction disturbances following transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2015; 16(4): 296-302.
[79]
Rivard L, Schram G, Asgar A, et al. Electrocardiographic and electrophysiological predictors of atrioventricular block after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Heart Rhythm 2015; 12(2): 321-9.
[80]
Badenco N, Chong-Nguyen C, Maupain C, et al. Respective role of surface electrocardiogram and His bundle recordings to assess the risk of atrioventricular block after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Int J Cardiol 2017; 236: 216-20.
[81]
European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Brignole M, et al. ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: The task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Europace 2013; 15: 1070-118.
[82]
van der Boon RM, Nuis RJ, Van Mieghem NM, et al. New conduction abnormalities after TAVI--frequency and causes. Nat Rev Cardiol 2012; 9(8): 454-63.
[83]
Fadahunsi OO, Olowoyeye A, Ukaigwe A, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Analysis from the U.S. Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology TVT Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9: 2189-99.
[84]
Moat NE, Ludman P, de Belder MA, et al. Long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis: The U.K. TAVI (United Kingdom Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58(20): 2130-8.
[85]
Urena M, Webb JG, Cheema A, et al. Impact of new-onset persistent left bundle branch block on late clinical outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a balloon-expandable valve. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014; 7(2): 128-36.
[86]
Elmariah S, Palacios IF, McAndrew T, et al. PARTNER Investigators. Outcomes of transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement in high-risk patients with aortic stenosis and left ventricular dysfunction: Results from the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves (PARTNER) trial (cohort A). Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 6(6): 604-14.
[87]
Tzikas A, van Dalen BM, Van Mieghem NM, et al. Frequency of conduction abnormalities after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the Medtronic-CoreValve and the effect on left ventricular ejection fraction. Am J Cardiol 2011; 107(2): 285-9.
[88]
Regueiro A, Abdul-Jawad Altisent O, Del Trigo M, et al. Impact of new-onset left bundle branch block and periprocedural permanent pacemaker implantation on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9(5): e003635.
[89]
Pereira E, Ferreira N, Caeiro D, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation and requirements of pacing over time. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2013; 36(5): 559-69.
[90]
Buellesfeld L, Stortecky S, Heg D, et al. Impact of permanent pacemaker implantation on clinical outcome among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60(6): 493-501.
[91]
Fadahunsi OO, Olowoyeye A, Ukaigwe A, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Analysis from the U.S. Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology TVT Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9(21): 2189-99.
[92]
Watanabe Y, Kozuma K, Hioki H, et al. Pre-existing right bundle branch block increases risk for death after transcatheter aortic valve replacement with a balloon-expandable valve. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9(21): 2210-6.
[93]
Nalluri N, Atti V, Munir AB, et al. Valve in valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation (ViV-TAVI) versus redo-Surgical aortic valve replacement (redo-SAVR): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Interv Cardiol 2018; 31(5): 661-71.
[94]
Khawaja MZ, Haworth P, Ghuran A, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for stenosed and regurgitant aortic valve bioprostheses CoreValve for failed bioprosthetic aortic valve replacements. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55(2): 97-101.
[95]
Neupane S, Singh H, Lämmer J, et al. Meta-analysis of transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation versus redo aortic valve surgery for bioprosthetic aortic valve dysfunction. Am J Cardiol 2018; 121(12): 1593-600.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version372msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[18:13:04] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[18:13:05] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[18:13:05] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (143ms)time
  • Application (229ms)time
  • 1 x Application (61.63%)
    229ms
    1 x Booting (38.37%)
    143ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    37 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 33 unique. Show only duplicated131ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59650778','',1,1739988785,1739988785) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739988785
      1.53msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59650778','/article/95028',1,1739988785,1739988785)
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59650778 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59650778) limit 1
      14.85msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 59650778
      • 1: 59650778
      • 2: 59650778
      • 3: 59650778
      • 4: 59650778
      • 5: 59650778
      • 6: 59650778
      • 7: 59650778
      • 8: 59650778
      • 9: 59650778
      • 10: 59650778
      • 11: 59650778
      • 12: 59650778
      • 13: 59650778
      • 14: 59650778
      • 15: 59650778
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=95028
      970μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 16 limit 1
      850μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 16
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=16) and sj.journal_id!=16 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      620μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=16) and sj.journal_id!=16 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      500μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=16) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      840μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=16) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      780μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '95028'
      1.11msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 95028
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '95028'
      3.43msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 95028
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '95028' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.8msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 95028
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      560μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 16 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      42.21msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 16 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      5.6msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 16 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      5.29msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 95028 limit 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 95028
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 95028 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      2.86msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid article_nid,a.title article_title,j.title journal_title from content_by_diseases cd inner join article a on a.article_id=cd.content_id inner join journal j on j.journal_id=a.journal_id where cd.pid = 258 and cd.sub_disease_id = 358 and content_id!=95028 and cd.content_type = 'article' order by rand() limit 20
      28.21msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#769
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:769
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2098
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 168070 limit 1
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 168070
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CCR' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CCR
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '95028' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      490μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '9081' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      420μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2550' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59650778 and j.to_ip >=59650778 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988785 and j.to_date >= 1739988785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2550) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59650778 and j.to_ip >=59650778 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988785 and j.to_date >= 1739988785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2550) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59650778 and j.to_ip >=59650778 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988785 and j.to_date >= 1739988785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2550)
      5.64msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59650778 and j.to_ip >=59650778 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988785 and j.to_date >= 1739988785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9081) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59650778 and j.to_ip >=59650778 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988785 and j.to_date >= 1739988785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9081) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59650778 and j.to_ip >=59650778 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988785 and j.to_date >= 1739988785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9081)
      740μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59650778 and j.to_ip >=59650778 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988785 and j.to_date >= 1739988785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 95028) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59650778 and j.to_ip >=59650778 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988785 and j.to_date >= 1739988785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 95028) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59650778 and j.to_ip >=59650778 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988785 and j.to_date >= 1739988785 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 95028)
      760μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '205' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9081 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      690μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 205
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '218' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9081 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 218
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 95028 limit 1
      4msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 95028
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 16 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739988785 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739988785 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.55msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 16
      • 3: 1739988785
      • 4: 1739988785
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 16 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739988785 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739988785 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.5msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 16
      • 3: 1739988785
      • 4: 1739988785
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='ba2191aaa9696464e6226e3c3930efce'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        rGbTtcPRtNX2iYoDht54ujjDxRiCLnuxTHOzYGyA
        uc_cart_id
        ba2191aaa9696464e6226e3c3930efce
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/95028" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/95028
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjNwWDBqUmZiRWw2N2JuYW80NzRld2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRjhaV1hzcGwyK2JqYVpMbnVVMk1FMy9hTnBaTkxsUG54SEZSMmw5WGhNWT0iLCJtYWMiOiJmYjRiYTc4MDc5NWM4MjliNmYwZjk2Yjk2NDgxMmIwYWM1YmVjZjBhNzU0YTU2NjcwZDY2MmNhZjY1MTdhOTcyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjNwWDBqUmZiRWw2N2JuYW80NzRld2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRjhaV1hzcGwyK2JqYVpMbnVVMk1FMy9hTnBaTkxsUG54SEZSMmw5WGhNWT0iLCJtYWMiOiJmYjRiYTc4MDc5NWM4" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 19 Feb 2025 18:13:05 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjZpSFppQXZra2ZhKytyREhNOE9jeFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL3JwYVFCeGp0dVBuenFxUHoxOWJjRHlhTEtHMmY0WUs5RXhvcXNUMmltR1pHdHFIYTErU0E2aDI0YXFjcjNTVkVURkY5VHJ5V1Zqd3ZVbmlXd3B2cVE1SUsxay9rcVltTVBNV3N2MXdIOUU1ZWdXNnNUai9pNFZBbXErZXQzenIiLCJtYWMiOiI2ZDc4M2FjNjBmNmYxZTRjZTFmNzJmMGQwMmJmMDFlYzY2Yzc5YzE0ZjVhY2EzMzEwYTNjZDM0Y2M5MWRiY2FiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22 Feb 2025 06:13:05 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjZpSFppQXZra2ZhKytyREhNOE9jeFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL3JwYVFCeGp0dVBuenFxUHoxOWJjRHlhTEtHMmY0WUs5RXhvcXNUMmltR1pHdHFIYTErU0E2aDI0YXFjcjNTVkVURkY5V" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlVCOHZobWludHdJN01MTHBiUUM0QVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRlZpZXJmV2JwQnQ1OURaSXoxS3Vrb0J4djIwWDZuVCtRWnhSTDd4a3hVTVZmK2lzaElkc2I5TkkrV3dPSzY3Ukw5TUI3aStPdDBsZFp0MzV5dXdGeUc2K1BrRHA5Y0g1SENKVFk4eGtiTGFlVDVMaisrc0FPempNY3l6Wmh3ZHQiLCJtYWMiOiI4NDFkYWRiMjhlNGI5OGIxZTQyNWJlYWViYjdiNjBmMWVlZDUyMDdiZTM3ODBmMjAxNjA3ODc4MDIyOWExZjMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlVCOHZobWludHdJN01MTHBiUUM0QVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRlZpZXJmV2JwQnQ1OURaSXoxS3Vrb0J4djIwWDZuVCtRWnhSTDd4a3hVTVZmK2lzaElkc2I5Tkk" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjZpSFppQXZra2ZhKytyREhNOE9jeFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL3JwYVFCeGp0dVBuenFxUHoxOWJjRHlhTEtHMmY0WUs5RXhvcXNUMmltR1pHdHFIYTErU0E2aDI0YXFjcjNTVkVURkY5VHJ5V1Zqd3ZVbmlXd3B2cVE1SUsxay9rcVltTVBNV3N2MXdIOUU1ZWdXNnNUai9pNFZBbXErZXQzenIiLCJtYWMiOiI2ZDc4M2FjNjBmNmYxZTRjZTFmNzJmMGQwMmJmMDFlYzY2Yzc5YzE0ZjVhY2EzMzEwYTNjZDM0Y2M5MWRiY2FiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22-Feb-2025 06:13:05 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjZpSFppQXZra2ZhKytyREhNOE9jeFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL3JwYVFCeGp0dVBuenFxUHoxOWJjRHlhTEtHMmY0WUs5RXhvcXNUMmltR1pHdHFIYTErU0E2aDI0YXFjcjNTVkVURkY5V" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlVCOHZobWludHdJN01MTHBiUUM0QVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRlZpZXJmV2JwQnQ1OURaSXoxS3Vrb0J4djIwWDZuVCtRWnhSTDd4a3hVTVZmK2lzaElkc2I5TkkrV3dPSzY3Ukw5TUI3aStPdDBsZFp0MzV5dXdGeUc2K1BrRHA5Y0g1SENKVFk4eGtiTGFlVDVMaisrc0FPempNY3l6Wmh3ZHQiLCJtYWMiOiI4NDFkYWRiMjhlNGI5OGIxZTQyNWJlYWViYjdiNjBmMWVlZDUyMDdiZTM3ODBmMjAxNjA3ODc4MDIyOWExZjMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlVCOHZobWludHdJN01MTHBiUUM0QVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRlZpZXJmV2JwQnQ1OURaSXoxS3Vrb0J4djIwWDZuVCtRWnhSTDd4a3hVTVZmK2lzaElkc2I5Tkk" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "rGbTtcPRtNX2iYoDht54ujjDxRiCLnuxTHOzYGyA" "uc_cart_id" => "ba2191aaa9696464e6226e3c3930efce" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/95028" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 18:13:05GET/article/95028314371