Generic placeholder image

Current Nutrition & Food Science

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4013
ISSN (Online): 2212-3881

Research Article

Effect of Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction on the Properties of Freeze-Dried Pomegranate Arils

Author(s): Nishant Kumar* and Neeraj

Volume 16, Issue 1, 2020

Page: [83 - 89] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666181130100200

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: All parts of the pomegranate (fruits, leaves, flowers, and roots) are traditionally used as a folk medicine due to its high antioxidant and phenolic property. The pomegranate fruit is known for its antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-arteriosclerotic properties.

Objective: The current study aims to the effect of ultra-sonication and temperature (45°C) on freezedried pomegranate arils powder for extraction of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and to study the antioxidant activity.

Methods: The freeze-dried arils of pomegranate (Ganesh variety) were procured and subjected to ultra- sonication methods at 45ºC applied for 30 minutes by using methanol, ethanol, water, acetone and hexane solvent for obtaining the extract. The methanolic extract showed the highest phenolic (3036.725 ± 5.39 Gallic acid equivalents mg/100gm), flavonoid (15882.088 ± 0.64, quercetin mg/100g), antioxidant activity (96.1367±0.13%) and free reducing antioxidant power (FRAP assay-18.9033 ± 0.12, Tor. mg/100 ml) respectively, as compared to the extract obtained through other solvents.

Results: The results obtained indicate that the freeze-drying method and ultrasonic extraction method is one of the effective and quick methods for quality extraction of phenolic and flavonoids compounds from fruits.

Conclusion: The technology can further be explored for the development of nutraceutical and health supplements.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity, drying, pomegranate arils, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, ultra-sonication.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Anonymous . Horticultural Statistics at a Glance. New Delhi, Oxford University Press: India. 2016.
[2]
Longtin R. The pomegranate: nature’s power fruit? J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95(5): 346-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/95.5.346] [PMID: 12618495]
[3]
Lansky EP, Newman RA. Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 109(2): 177-206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.006] [PMID: 17157465]
[4]
Vardin H, Yasar M. Optimization of pomegranate juice (Punica granatum L.) sprays drying as affected by temperature and maltodextrin content. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012; 47: 167-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02823.x]
[5]
Horuz E, Altan A, Maskan M. Spray drying and process optimization of unclarified pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice. Dry Technol 2012; 30(7): 787-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2012.663434]
[6]
Bagci PO. Effective clarification of pomegranate juice: a comparative study of pretreatment methods and their influence on ultrafiltration flux. J Food Eng 2014; 14: 58-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.05.009]
[7]
Faria A, Calhau C, de Freitas V, Mateus N. Procyanidins as antioxidants and tumor cell growth modulators. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54(6): 2392-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0526487] [PMID: 16536624]
[8]
Faria A, Monteiro R, Mateus N, Azevedo I, Calhau C. Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice intake on hepatic oxidative stress. Eur J Nutr 2007; 46(5): 271-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-007-0661-z] [PMID: 17514376]
[9]
Adhami VM, Mukhtar H. Anti-oxidants from green tea and pomegranate for chemoprevention of prostate cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2007; 37(1): 52-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-007-0047-8] [PMID: 17914164]
[10]
Reddy MK, Gupta SK, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Ferreira D. Antioxidant, antimalarial and antimicrobial activities of tannin-rich fractions, ellagitannins and phenolic acids from Punica granatum L. Planta Med 2007; 73(5): 461-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-967167] [PMID: 17566148]
[11]
Aviram M, Volkova N, Coleman R, et al. Pomegranate phenolics from the peels, arils, and flowers are antiatherogenic: studies in vivo in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein e-deficient (E 0) mice and in vitro in cultured macrophages and lipoproteins. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56(3): 1148-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf071811q] [PMID: 18173244]
[12]
Viuda-Martos M, Fernandez-Lopez J, Perez-Alvarez JA. Pomegranate and its many functional components as related to human health: a review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9(6): 635-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00131.x]
[13]
Ercisli S, Agar G, Orhan E, Yildirim N, Hizarci Y. Interspecific variability of RAPD and fatty acid composition of some pomegranate cultivars (Punica granatum L.) growing in Southern Anatolia Region in Turkey. Biochem Syst Ecol 2007; 35(11): 764-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2007.05.014]
[14]
Ozgen M, Durgac C, Serce S, Kaya C. Chemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate cultivars grown in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Food Chem 2008; 111(3): 703-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.043]
[15]
Al-Said FA, Opara LU, Al-Yahyali RA. Physico-chemical and textural quality attributes of pomegranate cultivars (Punica granatum L.) grown in the Sultanate of Oman. J Food Eng 2009; 90: 129-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.06.012]
[16]
Dhumal SS. Studies on the processing of pomegranate (Punica grantum L.) into value-added products. PhD (Agri). In: India: Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth: Rahuri (Maharashtra) . 2012.
[17]
Barman K, Koley TK, Sharma S, Patel VB. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): Nutraceutical compounds and medicinal properties. Indian Food Ind Mag 2013; 32(2): 17-21.
[18]
Dak M, Sagar V R, Jha S K. Shelf-life and kinetics of quality change of dried pomegranate arils in flexible packagingFood Pack Shelf life 2014; 2: 1-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2014.04.005]
[19]
Schubert SY, Lansky EP, Neeman I. Antioxidant and eicosanoid enzyme inhibition properties of pomegranate seed oil and fermented juice flavonoids. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 66(1): 11-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00222-0] [PMID: 10432202]
[20]
Gil MI, Tomás-Barberán FA, Hess-Pierce B, Holcroft DM, Kader AA. Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48(10): 4581-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf000404a] [PMID: 11052704]
[21]
Koleva II, van Beek TA, Linssen JP, de Groot A, Evstatieva LN. Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods. Phytochem Anal 2002; 13(1): 8-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.611] [PMID: 11899609]
[22]
Pourmorad F, Hosseinimehr SJ, Shahabimajd N. Antioxidant activity, phenols, flavonoid contents of selected Iranian medicinal plants. Afr J Biotechnol 2006; 5: 1142-5.
[23]
Noda Y, Kaneyuki T, Mori A, Packer L. Antioxidant activities of pomegranate fruit extract and its anthocyanidins: delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50(1): 166-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0108765] [PMID: 11754562]
[24]
Reza T, Elham H, Ali B. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel antioxidants by response surface methodology. Separ Purif Tech 2012; 98: 16-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.06.038]
[25]
Khan MK, Abert-Vian M, Fabiano-Tixier A, Dangles O, Chemat F. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols (flavanone glycosides) from orange (Citrus sinensis L.) peel. Food Chem 2010; 119: 851-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.08.046]
[26]
Nascentesa CC, Kornb M, Sousac CS, Arrudaa MA. Use of ultrasonic baths for analytical applications: a new approach for optimisation conditions. J Braz Chem Soc 2011; 12(1): 57-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532001000100008]
[27]
Zou Y, Hou X. Sonication enhances quality and antioxidant activity of blueberry juice. Food Sci Technol 2017; 37(4): 599-603.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-457x.27816]
[28]
Riera E, Golás Y, Blanco A, Gallego JA, Blasco M, Mulet A. Mass transfer enhancement in supercritical fluids extraction by means of power ultrasound. Ultrason Sonochem 2004; 11(3-4): 241-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.01.019] [PMID: 15081988]
[29]
Vinatoru M. An overview of the ultrasonically assisted extraction of bioactive principles from herbs. Ultrason Sonochem 2001; 8(3): 303-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4177(01)00071-2] [PMID: 11441615]
[30]
Balachandran S, Kentish SE, Mawson R, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasonic enhancement of the supercritical extraction from ginger. Ultrason Sonochem 2006; 13(6): 471-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2005.11.006] [PMID: 16423551]
[31]
Chaikham P, Prangthip P, Seesuriyachan P. Ultra-sonication effects on quality attributes of maoberry (Antidesma bunius L.) juice. Food Sci Technol Res 2016; 22(5): 647-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/fstr.22.647]
[32]
Xia T, Shi S, Wan X. Impact of ultrasonic-assisted extraction on the chemical and sensory quality of tea infusion. J Food Eng 2006; 74: 557-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.03.043]
[33]
Wu J, Lin L, Chau FT. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of ginseng saponins from ginseng roots and cultured ginseng cells. Ultrason Sonochem 2001; 8(4): 347-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4177(01)00066-9] [PMID: 11510218]
[34]
Al-Zoreky NS. Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peels. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 134(3): 244-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.07.002] [PMID: 19632734]
[35]
AOAC Official methods of analysis Association of Official Analytical Chemists 15th ed.. 2000. 2000: 15.
[36]
Singleton VL, Rossi JA. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic 1965; 16: 144-58.
[37]
Husain H, Latief U, Ahmad R. Pomegranate action in curbing the incidence of liver injury triggered by diethylnitrosamine by declining oxidative stress via Nrf2 and NFκB regulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8(1): 8606.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26611-1] [PMID: 29872102]
[38]
Elfalleh W, Hannachi H, Tlili N, Yahia Y, Nasri N, Ferchichi A. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of pomegranate peel, arils, leaf, and flower. J Med Plants Res 2012; 6: 4724-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.995]
[39]
Djeridane A, Yousfi M, Nadjemi B, Boutassouna D, Stocker P, Vidal N. Antioxidant activity of some Algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds. Food Chem 2012; 97(4): 654-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.028] [PMID: 23692749]
[40]
Benzie IF, Strain JJ. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 1996; 239(1): 70-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292] [PMID: 8660627]
[41]
Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 1995; 28: 25-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5]
[42]
Prasad S, Mukunda GK, Mohankumar AB, Yathiraj K. Comparatives studies of commercially important varieties of pomegranate (Physico-chemical properties) Hind Agri Res Tra Ins 2012; 7(3,4): 287-91.
[43]
Hota M, Dahiya DS. Physico-chemical properties of some varieties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Int J Pure App Biosci 2017; 5(5): 979-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2671]
[44]
Kadam MB, Patil RS, Supe VS. Morphological and molecular characterization of pomegramate (Punica granatum L.) Cultivars (Maharashtra). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018; 7(1): 1247-54.
[45]
Gadze J, Voca S, Cmelik Z, Mustac I, Ercisli S, Radunic M. Physico-chemical characteristics of main pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars grown in Dalmatia Region of Croatia. J Appl Bot Food Qual 2012; 85: 202-6.
[46]
Jithender B, Vyas DMS, Abhisha S, Rathod PJ. Determination of physical and mechanical properties of pomegranate (var. bhagwa) fruit and aril. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2017; 6(10): 879-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.105]
[47]
Pavlina D, Drogoudi PD, Tsipouridis C. Physical and chemical characteristics of pomegranates. HortScience 2005; 40(5): 1200-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.5.1200]
[48]
Radunić M, Jukić Špika M, Goreta Ban S, Gadže J, Díaz-Pérez JC, MacLean D. Physical and chemical properties of pomegranate fruit accessions from Croatia. Food Chem 2015; 177: 53-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.102] [PMID: 25660857]
[49]
Riyahi R, Rafiee S, Dalvand MJ, Keyhani A. Some physical characteristics of pomegranate, seeds and arils. J Agri Tech 2011; 7(6): 1523-37.
[50]
Salah A, Al-Maiman SA, Ahmad D. Changes in physical and chemical properties during pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit maturation. Food Chem 2002; 76: 437-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00301-6]
[51]
Wetzstein HY, Zhang Z, Ravid N, Wetzstein ME. characterization of attributes related to fruit size in pomegranate. HortScience 2011; 46(6): 908-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.6.908]
[52]
Sami I, Ali S, El-Baz F, El-Emary G AE. Khan. EA, Mohamed. AA. HPLC-analysis of polyphenolic compounds and free radical scavenging activity of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.). Int J Pharm Clin Res 2014; 6(4)
[53]
Singh M, Jha A, Kumar A, Hettiarachchy N, Rai AK, Sharma D. Influence of the solvents on the extraction of major phenolic compounds (punicalagin, ellagic acid and gallic acid) and their antioxidant activities in pomegranate aril. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 51(9): 2070-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1267-0] [PMID: 25190865]
[54]
Rowayshed G, Emad A. Mohamed. nutritional and chemical evaluation for pomegranate (Punica granatum l.) fruit peel and seeds powders by products. Middle East J Appl Sci 2013; 3(4): 169-79.
[55]
Kaur C, Pal RK, Kar A, et al. Characterization of Antioxidants and hypoglycemic potential of pomegranate grown in india: A preliminary investigation. J Food Biochem 2014; 38: 397-406.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12066]
[56]
Fawole OA, Opara UL. Effects of maturity status on biochemical content, polyphenol composition and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate fruit arils (cv. ‘Bhagwa’). S Afr J Bot 2013; 85: 23-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2012.11.010]
[57]
Fernandes L, Pereira JAC, Lopéz-Cortés I, Salazar DM, Ramalhosa ECD. Physicochemical changes and antioxidant activity of juice, skin, pellicle and seed of pomegranate (cv. Mollar de Elche) at different stages of ripening. Food Technol Biotechnol 2015; 53(4): 397-406.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.53.04.15.3884] [PMID: 27904374]
[58]
Hmid L, Elothmani D, Hanine H, Oukabli A, Mehinagic E. Comparative study of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant attributes of eighteen pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars grown in Morocco. Arab J Chem 2017; 10: S2675-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.10.011]
[59]
Souleman AMA, Ibrahim GE. Evaluation of Egyptian pomegranate cultivars for antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents. Egypt Pharmaceut J 2016; 15: 143-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1687-4315.197582]
[60]
Anahita A, Asmah R, Fauziah O. Evaluation of total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, and antioxidant vitamin composition of pomegranate seed and juice. Int Food Res J 2015; 22(3): 1212-7.
[61]
Basiri S. Evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed and defatted seed extracts. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52(2): 1117-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-1102-z] [PMID: 25694727]
[62]
Yana L, Zhoub X, Shia L, Shalimua D, Maa C, Liua Y. Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of six Chinese pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Int J Food Prop 2017; 20(1): S94-S107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1289960]
[63]
Kumar DV, Ramasamy D, Pugazhenthi TR. Influence of packaging material on quality characteristics of minimally processed Bhagwa pomegranate arils during storage. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2017; 6(6): 1042-6.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy