摘要
恢复或激活宿主免疫反应的疗法-所谓的“免疫-肿瘤学”疗法-的发展提高了一些患有特定肿瘤类型的癌症患者的生存率。然而，这些药物非常昂贵，极大地限制了它们的使用，从而减少了可能受益的病人人数。更别提，从治疗中显示出临床益处的患者比例是有限的。因此，从临床和健康经济学的角度来看，迫切需要确定和治疗那些给予免疫肿瘤疗法最有可能有益的患者。最终，生物标记物的识别、验证和使用成为一种重要的治疗工具。在此，我们简要回顾了免疫生物标记物的开发和利用状况，并为感兴趣的临床医生、卫生政策制定者和其他利益相关者提供建议，为在日常实践中更广泛地使用与免疫肿瘤治疗相关的生物标志物做准备。生物标记物领域显然处于早期阶段，毫无疑问，持续的研究将发现具有价值的临床适应症的新的生物标记物。当然，生物标志物的临床效用必须考虑患者的偏好和观点。此外，健康经济分析对于更好地确定基于精确药物策略的免疫疗法的价值和促进基于价值的定价至关重要。
关键词: 生物标志物，免疫肿瘤学，癌症，生物分子，临床肿瘤学。
图形摘要
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