摘要
这次审查有两个目的。首先,检查性别和性别是否会影响动物和人类的大脑胆碱能系统。第二,检查现有的性昏暗的证据。 对胆碱酯酶抑制剂的治疗和毒性反应。动物研究显示,大脑胆碱能系统的一般形态没有明显的差异,但有微妙的乐趣。 据报道,存在性别差异。在人类中,Meynert基底核(NBM)存在性别差异。在动物中,某些胆碱能神经元在雌性中表达雌激素α受体。 雄性的雄激素。众所周知,性激素对胆碱能系统有营养作用。女性额叶皮质胆碱能活动较高,而男性额叶皮质胆碱能活动较高。 e海马。药物作用的性别差异导致男性对有机磷胆碱酯酶抑制剂毒性作用的敏感性较高。更强更有选择性 几位作者在男性中报道了ChEI治疗在AD中的益处。性别和雌激素受体表型都可能影响对多奈哌齐和利瓦西明的反应。因此,老年男性和女性 ALE个体可能由于胆碱能系统的结构和功能、药代动力学、记忆功能或老化方式上的性别差异而对chei有不同的反应。 广告会影响这些过程。
关键词: 乙酰胆碱,衰老,雌激素,神经生长因子,大细胞基底核,胆碱酯酶抑制剂,有机磷。
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Sex and Gender Differences in the Brain Cholinergic System and in the Response to Therapy of Alzheimer Disease with Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Volume: 15 Issue: 11
关键词: 乙酰胆碱,衰老,雌激素,神经生长因子,大细胞基底核,胆碱酯酶抑制剂,有机磷。
摘要: This review has two aims. First, to examine whether or not sex and gender may influence the brain cholinergic system in animals and in humans. Second, to examine the available evidence of sexually dimorphic response to the therapeutic and toxic effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. Animal research reveals no marked difference in the general morphology of the brain cholinergic system but subtle functional gender differences have been reported. In humans, gender differences in nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) exist. In animals, some cholinergic neurons express estrogen alpha receptors in females and androgens in males. It is known that sex hormones exert trophic effects on the cholinergic system. Females show higher frontal cortex cholinergic activity whereas males have higher activity in the hippocampus. Gender differences in the pharmacological effects result in higher sensitivity to the toxic effects of organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors in males. A stronger and more selective benefit of ChEI treatment in AD has been reported in men by several authors. Sex and estrogen receptor phenotype may both influence the response to donepezil and rivastigmine. Hence, aged male and female individuals might respond differently to ChEI due to either sex-specific differences in structures and function of the cholinergic system, pharmacokinetics, memory function or in the way aging or AD affects these processes.
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Sex and Gender Differences in the Brain Cholinergic System and in the Response to Therapy of Alzheimer Disease with Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Current Alzheimer Research 2018; 15 (11) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180613111504
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180613111504 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
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