摘要
同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）是含有氨基酸的硫醇基团，其天然存在于所有人类中。 Hcy通过两种代谢途径在体内降解，而一小部分通过肾脏排泄。 降解Hcy所需的化学反应需要叶酸，维生素B6和B12的存在。 因此，血清中总Hcy的水平受这些维生素的存在或不存在的影响。 Hcy，高同型半胱氨酸血症（HHcy）和高胱氨酸尿症的升高与闭塞性动脉疾病有关，特别是在脑，心脏和肾脏，除了静脉血栓形成，慢性肾功能衰竭，巨幼红细胞性贫血，骨质疏松症，抑郁症，阿尔茨海默氏症 疾病，怀孕问题等。 升高的Hcy水平与成人和儿童人群中的各种病症有关。 HHcy的原因包括5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）甲硫氨酸合酶（MS）和胱硫醚β-合酶（CβS）的基因突变和酶缺陷。 HHcy可能是由叶酸，维生素B12的缺乏引起的，并且在较小程度上，B6维生素缺乏会影响蛋氨酸代谢。 此外，HHcy可能由丰富的饮食和肾功能损害引起。 本综述介绍了最近与Hcy代谢相关的研究和Hcy血液病的病因学的文献资料。 此外，我们还描述了由遗传性紊乱或营养影响引起的各种病理机制及其与成人和儿童中HHcy诱导的病理学的关联以及这些代谢紊乱的治疗。
关键词: 同型半胱氨酸，高同型半胱氨酸血症，同型半胱氨酸代谢，同型半胱氨酸代谢紊乱，营养缺乏，心血管疾病。
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