摘要
阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森病是世界上最常见的神经退行性疾病,由于人口老龄化,其发病率正在上升。目前,可用的治疗方法并非疾病改变,并且有一些局限性,其中一些在本综述中有所讨论。这些治疗的主要局限之一是药物在全身给药后在中枢神经系统中达到的低浓度。实际上,生物屏障的存在,特别是血脑屏障(BBB),阻碍了向大脑的有效药物递送,降低了药物施用的潜在益处。在这篇综述中,讨论了跨BBB的转运机制和改善药物通过BBB的新方法。这些方法包括非侵入性溶液,例如鼻内和玻璃体内给药,以及当药物静脉内注射,口服用于肠吸附或通过真皮粘膜递送时使用基于聚合物载体的纳米技术溶液。此外,它还提供了更具侵入性的解决方案的分析,包括颅内注射水凝胶和用于局部给药的植入装置。寻找阻断神经退行性疾病进展或恢复其病程的新治疗药物的努力应该与针对有效药物递送系统的努力相结合。因此,需要新的药理学发现以及纳米技术和再生医学的生物材料的进步以有效地抵抗神经变性疾病。
关键词: 血脑屏障,鼻内递送,静脉内递送,玻璃体内递送,纳米技术,神经退行性疾病,口服递送,透皮递送。
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Current Limitations in the Treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspective of Polymeric Carriers
Volume: 25 Issue: 41
关键词: 血脑屏障,鼻内递送,静脉内递送,玻璃体内递送,纳米技术,神经退行性疾病,口服递送,透皮递送。
摘要: Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide and their incidence is increasing due to the aging population. At the moment, the available therapies are not disease modifying and have several limitations, some of which are discussed in this review. One of the main limitations of these treatments is the low concentration that drugs reach in the central nervous system after systemic administration. Indeed, the presence of biological barriers, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hinders the effective drug delivery to the brain, reducing the potential benefit coming from the administration of the medication. In this review, the mechanisms of transport across the BBB and new methods to improve drug passage across the BBB are discussed. These methods include non-invasive solutions such as intranasal and intravitreal administration, and the use of nanotechnology solutions based on polymeric carriers when the drug is intravenously injected, orally taken for intestine adsorption or delivered through the dermal mucosa. Also, it provides an analysis of more invasive solutions that include intracranially injected hydrogels and implanted devices for local drug delivery. Efforts in finding new therapeutic drugs blocking neurodegenerative disease progression or reverting their course should be coupled with efforts addressed to efficient drug delivery systems. Hence, new pharmacology discoveries together with advancements in nanotechnologies and biomaterials for regenerative medicine are required to effectively counteract neurodegenerative diseases.
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Cite this article as:
Current Limitations in the Treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspective of Polymeric Carriers, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (41) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180221125759
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180221125759 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |

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