摘要
G4 DNA是一种非规范的DNA结构，由一系列G-四链体组成，它们通过鸟嘌呤碱基之间的碱基配对结合在一起。 G4 DNA的形成需要在一条DNA链内形成一簇鸟嘌呤。 尽管这种显着的DNA结构的化学作用已经进行了数十年的研究，但支持G4 DNA生物学相关性的证据才刚刚开始出现并指向非常重要和保守的生物学功能。 本综述将特别关注转录和G4 DNA之间的相互作用，并讨论两种可选但相互关联的观点。 该评价的第一部分将描述证实有趣的观点的证据，即DNA结构构象的转变可能是基因表达的非遗传或表观遗传调节因子的另一层，从而是细胞命运的重要决定因素。 第二部分将描述最近的遗传学研究，表明那些含有G4 DNA形成富含鸟嘌呤序列的基因组位点是基因组不稳定的潜在热点，并且转录的水平和方向在与这些序列相关的基因组不稳定性的物化中是至关重要的。
关键词: G4 DNA，转录，R环，Top1，超螺旋，基因组稳定性。
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