摘要
癌症是世界范围内主要的死亡原因之一,目前的研究主要集中在发现有效治疗癌症的新方法上。最近,大量的临床试验已经证明免疫调节疗法治疗癌症的成功。单克隆抗体可针对免疫系统的组成部分,如CD 137、OX 40和CD 40等共同刺激分子;或抑制免疫检查点,如细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CTLA-4)、程序性细胞死亡-1(Pd-1)及其相应配体PD-L1。虽然肿瘤消退是一些患者在免疫治疗后的结果,但许多患者仍然没有反应。此外,化疗已经成为大多数癌症的治疗标准,但是这些药物的免疫调节能力直到最近才被发现。化疗通过免疫原细胞死亡(ICD)、抗原呈递增加和调节性免疫细胞耗竭等多种机制调节免疫系统的能力,突出了常规化疗与新型免疫治疗的协同作用。此外,最近的临床前试验表明,二肽酰肽酶(DPP)酶抑制,一种可以调节免疫细胞向肿瘤微环境输送的酶,是一种新的癌症治疗方法。本文综述了目前治疗癌症的免疫学方法,并对免疫治疗领域的临床试验进行了综述,认为免疫治疗是一种单一的治疗方法,并与化疗相结合。
关键词: 免疫治疗,免疫调节,化疗,CTLA-4,PD-1,PD-L1,CD 137.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:New Trends in Anti-Cancer Therapy: Combining Conventional Chemotherapeutics with Novel Immunomodulators
Volume: 25 Issue: 36
关键词: 免疫治疗,免疫调节,化疗,CTLA-4,PD-1,PD-L1,CD 137.
摘要: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and current research has focused on the discovery of novel approaches to effectively treat this disease. Recently, a considerable number of clinical trials have demonstrated the success of immunomodulatory therapies for the treatment of cancer. Monoclonal antibodies can target components of the immune system to either i) agonise co-stimulatory molecules, such as CD137, OX40 and CD40; or ii) inhibit immune checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its corresponding ligand PD-L1. Although tumour regression is the outcome for some patients following immunotherapy, many patients still do not respond. Furthermore, chemotherapy has been the standard of care for most cancers, but the immunomodulatory capacity of these drugs has only recently been uncovered. The ability of chemotherapy to modulate the immune system through a variety of mechanisms, including immunogenic cell death (ICD), increased antigen presentation and depletion of regulatory immune cells, highlights the potential for synergism between conventional chemotherapy and novel immunotherapy. In addition, recent pre-clinical trials indicate dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) enzyme inhibition, an enzyme that can regulate immune cell trafficking to the tumour microenvironment, as a novel cancer therapy. The present review focuses on the current immunological approaches for the treatment of cancer, and summarizes clinical trials in the field of immunotherapy as a single treatment and in combination with chemotherapy.
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Cite this article as:
New Trends in Anti-Cancer Therapy: Combining Conventional Chemotherapeutics with Novel Immunomodulators, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170830094922
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170830094922 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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