摘要
人体肠道是一种复合厌氧环境,具有大量、多样和动态的肠道微生物群,由100万亿多个微生物组成,包括至少1000个不同的种类。发现一种不同的微生物成分可以影响行为和认知,而神经系统又可以间接地影响肠道微生物组成,这一发现具有显著的协同作用。目的是建立被广泛接受的肠-脑轴概念。这一假说得到了若干证据的支持,这些证据显示了相互作用的机制,这些机制涉及模糊的神经、免疫系统等。下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的调节和细菌产生的代谢产物。许多研究集中于描述这一轴心在健康和疾病中的作用,包括与压力有关的作用。抑郁症、焦虑症和肠易激综合征(IBS)、神经发育障碍(如自闭症)和神经退行性疾病(如帕金森病、阿尔茨海默氏症)放松等基于这一背景,并考虑到宿主与微生物之间共生状态变化的相关性,本文综述了生物活性LIP的作用及其参与。其主要成员为N-花生四烯醇胺(AEA)、棕榈油乙醇酰胺(PEA)和油酸乙醇胺(OEA),以及短链脂肪酸(SCFAs),如丁酸酯,属于一大类生物活性脂质,能够调节外周和中枢病理过程。它们在炎症、急性和慢性炎症中的作用已经被研究过。疼痛肥胖和中枢神经系统疾病。通过不同的机制,这些脂类与肠道微生物区系之间可能存在关联。事实上,对SPECI的系统管理FIC细菌可通过大麻素受体1参与大鼠腹痛;另一方面,PEA可降低炎症性肠病小鼠模型中的炎症标志物。IBD(IBD)和由肠道微生物产生的丁酸酯能有效地减轻肠易激综合征和IBD动物模型中的炎症和疼痛。在这次审查中,我们强调炎症,疼痛,微生物群和不同的脂质,重点关注NAES和SCFAs可能参与肠-脑轴及其在中枢神经系统疾病中的作用。
关键词: 肠道,脑,炎症,IBS,疼痛,AEA,PEA,丁酸酯,情绪,神经退行性疾病。
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Gut-brain Axis: Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Inflammation, Pain and CNS Diseases
Volume: 25 Issue: 32
关键词: 肠道,脑,炎症,IBS,疼痛,AEA,PEA,丁酸酯,情绪,神经退行性疾病。
摘要: The human gut is a composite anaerobic environment with a large, diverse and dynamic enteric microbiota, represented by more than 100 trillion microorganisms, including at least 1000 distinct species. The discovery that a different microbial composition can influence behavior and cognition, and in turn the nervous system can indirectly influence enteric microbiota composition, has significantly contributed to establish the well-accepted concept of gut-brain axis. This hypothesis is supported by several evidence showing mutual mechanisms, which involve the vague nerve, the immune system, the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis modulation and the bacteria-derived metabolites. Many studies have focused on delineating a role for this axis in health and disease, ranging from stress-related disorders such as depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, and to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease etc. Based on this background, and considering the relevance of alteration of the symbiotic state between host and microbiota, this review focuses on the role and the involvement of bioactive lipids, such as the N-acylethanolamine (NAE) family whose main members are N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoilethanolamide (OEA), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, belonging to a large group of bioactive lipids able to modulate peripheral and central pathologic processes. Their effective role has been studied in inflammation, acute and chronic pain, obesity and central nervous system diseases. A possible correlation has been shown between these lipids and gut microbiota through different mechanisms. Indeed, systemic administration of specific bacteria can reduce abdominal pain through the involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 in the rat; on the other hand, PEA reduces inflammation markers in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and butyrate, producted by gut microbiota, is effective in reducing inflammation and pain in irritable bowel syndrome and IBD animal models. In this review, we underline the relationship among inflammation, pain, microbiota and the different lipids, focusing on a possible involvement of NAEs and SCFAs in the gut-brain axis and their role in the central nervous system diseases.
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Gut-brain Axis: Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Inflammation, Pain and CNS Diseases, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 25 (32) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170216113756
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170216113756 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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