Pharmacological Profile and Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Cancer Drugs Used for Targeted Therapy

Title:Pharmacological Profile and Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Cancer Drugs Used for Targeted Therapy

Volume: 18 Issue: 5

Author(s): Raffaele Di Francia*, Angela De Monaco, Mariangela Saggese, Giancarla Iaccarino, Stefania Crisci, Ferdinando Frigeri, Rosaria De Filippi, Massimiliano Berretta and Antonio Pinto

Affiliation:

• Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Fondazione "G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples,Italy

Keywords: Anticancer mAbs, personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, tailored therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, cancer cell.

Abstract: Background: Drugs for targeted therapies are primarily Small Molecules Inhibitors (SMIs), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), interfering RNA molecules and microRNA. The use of these new agents generates a multifaceted step in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of these drugs. Individual PK variability is often large, and unpredictability observed in the response to the pharmacogenetic profile of the patient (e.g. cytochome P450 enzyme), patient characteristics such as adherence to treatment and environmental factors.

Objective: This review aims to overview the latest anticancer drugs eligible for targeted therapies and the most recent finding in pharmacogenomics related to toxicity/resistance of either individual gene polymorphisms or acquired mutation in a cancer cell. In addition, an early outline evaluation of the genotyping costs and methods has been taken into consideration.

Future Outlook: To date, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of mAbs and SMIs is not yet supported by heavy scientific evidence. Extensive effort should be made for targeted therapies to better define concentration-effect relationships and to perform comparative randomized trials of classic dosing versus PK-guided adaptive dosing. The detection of individual pharmacogenomics profile could be the key for the oncologists that will have new resources to make treatment decisions for their patients in order to maximize the benefit and minimize the toxicity. Based on this purpose, the clinician should evaluate advantages and limitations, in terms of costs and applicability, of the most appropriate pharmacological approach to performing a tailored therapy.

Cite this article as:

Di Francia Raffaele*, De Monaco Angela, Saggese Mariangela, Iaccarino Giancarla, Crisci Stefania, Frigeri Ferdinando, De Filippi Rosaria, Berretta Massimiliano and Pinto Antonio, Pharmacological Profile and Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Cancer Drugs Used for Targeted Therapy, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 18 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666170208162841