摘要
背景:通过在大脑中的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞活化所引起的慢性炎症导致的神经元丢失和阿尔茨海默病(AD)的疾病进展。最近的研究已经确定了2型糖尿病(T2DM)作为AD高血糖的危险因素(高血糖)和胰岛素抵抗的现象被认为是导致AD的风险增加的主要因素,参与这种相互作用的机制尚不清楚。 目的:高糖可增强多种免疫细胞,包括小胶质细胞的促炎症介质释放。由于在大脑中星形胶质细胞是最丰富的类型的胶质细胞 ,我们研究了葡萄糖浓度升高的影响(5.5-30.5毫米)在炎症刺激下培养的人星形胶质细胞的功能。 方法:实验采用人原代星形胶质细胞和u-118毫克星形细胞瘤细胞。 结果:高糖(30.5 mm)升高星形胶质细胞白细胞介素(IL)6的mrna表达,同时分泌IL-6和IL-8。这个星形胶质细胞炎症反应的高血糖似乎没有通过增强p38和ERK 42丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路介导的。此外,高血糖的易感性分别为增加未分化的SH-SY5Y神经细胞和维甲酸分化的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤过氧化氢(H2O2)和beta-42纤维状淀粉样蛋白(一种β42). 结论:我们的数据表明,高血糖糖尿病可能是其中的一个因素观察AD的风险增加的因素。加剧了星形胶质细胞介导的神经炎症和神经元的损伤与疾病相关的药物。
关键词: 葡萄糖,星形胶质细胞,神经发炎,阿尔茨海默病,2型糖尿病,一β42,高血糖。
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:High Glucose Enhances Neurotoxicity and Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Stimulated Human Astrocytes
Volume: 14 Issue: 7
关键词: 葡萄糖,星形胶质细胞,神经发炎,阿尔茨海默病,2型糖尿病,一β42,高血糖。
摘要: Background: Chronic neuroinflammation caused by activation of microglia and astrocytes in the brain contributes to neuronal loss and disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent research has identified type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a risk factor for AD. High blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and the phenomenon of insulin resistance are being considered as the major factors contributing to an increased risk of AD. However, the mechanisms involved in this interaction remain unclear.
Objective: High glucose has been shown to increase release of pro-inflammatory mediators from various immune cells, including microglia. Since astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, we investigated the effects of elevated glucose concentrations (5.5-30.5 mM) on selected functions of cultured human astrocytes in the presence of inflammatory stimuli. Method: Experiments were conducted using primary human astrocytes and U-118 MG astrocytoma cells. Results: High glucose (30.5 mM) increased mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and secretion of both IL-6 and IL-8 by astrocytes. This astrocytic inflammatory response to high glucose did not appear to be mediated by augmented p38 or p44/42 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In addition, high glucose increased the susceptibility of undifferentiated human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and retinoic-acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells to injury by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and fibrillar amyloid beta-42 protein (Aβ42), respectively. Conclusion: Our data indicate that hyperglycemia in T2DM may be one of the factors contributing to the observed increased risk of AD by exacerbating astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal injury caused by disease-associated agents.Export Options
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Cite this article as:
High Glucose Enhances Neurotoxicity and Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Stimulated Human Astrocytes, Current Alzheimer Research 2017; 14 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205014666170117104053
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205014666170117104053 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
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