Melatonin: Pharmacology, Functions and Therapeutic Benefits

Title:Melatonin: Pharmacology, Functions and Therapeutic Benefits

Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Author(s): Sylvie Tordjman, Sylvie Chokron, Richard Delorme, Annaelle Charrier, Eric Bellissant, Nemat Jaafari and Claire Fougerou

Affiliation:

Keywords: Adaptation to external and internal environment, biological clocks, biomarker, clinical application, central and peripheral oscillators, melatonin, prevention and treatment, sleep-wake rhythm, synchronizer.

Abstract: Background: Melatonin synchronizes central but also peripheral oscillators (fetal adrenal gland, pancreas, liver, kidney, heart, lung, fat, gut, etc.), allowing temporal organization of biological functions through circadian rhythms (24-hour cycles) in relation to periodic environmental changes and therefore adaptation of the individual to his/her internal and external environment. Measures of melatonin are considered the best peripheral indices of human circadian timing based on an internal 24-hour clock.

Methods: First, the pharmacology of melatonin (biosynthesis and circadian rhythms, pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action) is described, allowing a better understanding of the short and long term effects of melatonin following its immediate or prolonged release. Then, research related to the physiological effects of melatonin is reviewed.

Results: The physiological effects of melatonin are various and include detoxification of free radicals and antioxidant actions, bone formation and protection, reproduction, and cardiovascular, immune or body mass regulation. Also, protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin are reported, especially with regard to brain or gastrointestinal protection, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases and oncostatic effects.

Conclusion: This review highlights the high number and diversity of major melatonin effects and opens important perspectives for measuring melatonin as a biomarker (biomarker of early identification of certain disorders and also biomarker of their follow-up) and using melatonin with clinical preventive and therapeutic applications in newborns, children and adults based on its physiological regulatory effects.

Cite this article as:

Tordjman Sylvie, Chokron Sylvie, Delorme Richard, Charrier Annaelle, Bellissant Eric, Jaafari Nemat and Fougerou Claire, Melatonin: Pharmacology, Functions and Therapeutic Benefits, Current Neuropharmacology 2017; 15 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X14666161228122115

DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X14666161228122115	Print ISSN 1570-159X
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-6190