摘要
人脑的胆碱能系统主要包括来自基底中前脑核的突起,并利用它们突出中两种类型的受体,包括烟碱和毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体。根据广泛的皮质和皮质下基底前脑的投射,这两个受体系统的活性调节正常的认知过程,如注意力、情景记忆和工作记忆。阿尔兹海默症靶向损害基底前脑中的胆碱能神经元,并且当这些投射丢失时,认知表现会逐渐减弱。目前,AD最常见的治疗方案是使用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,通过部分阻断突触中乙酰胆碱的降解从而使更多的神经递质达到并激活胆碱能受体而起作用。然而因为这些药物疗效的局限性,因此需要探索能够增加那些不依赖乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的受体本身活性的选择性治疗方案。本文将讨论以下:(1)胆碱能系统在调节认知中的作用;(2)与AD相关的认知衰退的新型胆碱能治疗方案,特别是通过选择性靶向毒蕈碱和烟碱乙酰胆碱受体来增强胆碱能系统活性的治疗性能;(3)AD认知障碍治疗中的风险和其他因素。
关键词: 阿尔兹海默症,烟碱酸,毒蕈碱,乙酰胆碱,α7烟碱受体,α4B2烟碱受体,M1毒蕈碱受体,胆碱能剂
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Beyond Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Novel Cholinergic Treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease
Volume: 14 Issue: 4
关键词: 阿尔兹海默症,烟碱酸,毒蕈碱,乙酰胆碱,α7烟碱受体,α4B2烟碱受体,M1毒蕈碱受体,胆碱能剂
摘要: The major components of the cholinergic receptor system of the human brain include projections from the basal forebrain nuclei, and utilize the two types of receptors that they synapse on, nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. With the widespread cortical and subcortical projections of the basal forebrain, activity of these two receptor systems provide modulation of neurotransmitter activity underlying normal cognitive processes, such as attention, episodic memory, and working memory. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) targets and damages cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, and as these projections are lost, cognitive performance progressively declines. Currently, the most widely prescribed treatment for AD is acetylcholinesterase inhibitor medications, which work by partially blocking the degradation of acetylcholine in the synapse and enabling more of the neurotransmitter to reach and activate cholinergic receptors. However since these medications have limited effectiveness, alternate treatments that focus on augmenting the activity of the receptors themselves, independent of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, are being explored. This review will discuss: 1) the role of the cholinergic system in modulating cognition, 2) novel cholinergic treatment strategies for AD-related cognitive decline, in particular treatments intended to increase cholinergic system activity by selectively targeting muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors to improve cognitive performance, 3) risks, and additional considerations for cholinergic cognitive treatments for AD.
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Beyond Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Novel Cholinergic Treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2017; 14 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205013666160930112625
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205013666160930112625 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
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Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
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