Title:A Central Role for ATP Signalling in Glial Interactions in the CNS
Volume: 17
Issue: 16
Author(s): Andrea Rivera, Ilaria Vanzulli, Arthur M. Butt
Affiliation:
关键词:
神经胶质. 星形胶质细胞. 少突胶质细胞.ATP. 嘌呤受体
摘要: The purine ATP has a prominent regulatory role in CNS function and
pathology due to its actions on glial cells - microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
ATP serves as an apparently ubiquitous ‘gliotransmitter’ that is released by astrocytes
and other cells to activate purine receptors on neighbouring cells. In pathology, the
release of ATP mediates both tissue damage and repair by its direct effects on glial
cell integrity and survival. The actions of ATP on glia are mediated via a wide range
of receptors, broadly divided into ionotropic P2X and metabotropic (G-protein
coupled receptors (GPCR)) P2Y receptors, of which there are multiple subtypes
(P2X1-P2X7 and P2Y1-P2Y14). ATP-mediated interactions between astrocytes and
microglia are at the centre of immune responses in the CNS, with prominent roles for
the P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y6 and P2Y12 receptor subtypes. In oligodendrocytes, P2X7 and P2Y1 receptor
subtypes have a bipartite function in respectively mediating oligodendrocyte destruction and protection.
Purine receptors mediate glial pathology, with prominent roles in ischemia, neuroinflammation,
Multiple Scelerosis, neuropathic pain and traumatic injury. Notably, glial ATP signalling may be altered
with ageing and is implicated in impaired myelination and immunity in Alzheimer’s disease. Hence,
glial purine receptors provide potential therapeutic targets in multiple neuropathologies, but the ‘Jeckyll
and Hyde’ nature of purine signalling underscores the importance of further research and a
comprehensive understanding of the roles of the different purine receptors in mediating tissue damage
and repair.