Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer for man with a high mortality rate due to a lack of non-invasive accurate and sensitive molecular diagnostic methods. The molecular imaging of cancer biomarkers using MRI with its spatial and temporal resolution, however, is largely limited by the lack of contrast agents with high sensitivity, targeting specificity and deep tumor penetration. In this review, we will first overview the current stage of prostate cancer diagnosis and then review prostate cancer biomarkers and related imaging techniques. Since biomarker targeting moieties are essential for molecular imaging, we will use prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as an example to discuss different methods to characterize the interaction between biomarker and targeting moieties. At the end, we will review current progress of the development of targeted protein-based MRI contrast agents (ProCAs) for prostate cancer biomarkers with improved relaxivity and targeting capability.
Keywords: Molecular imaging, protein-based MRI contrast agents, GRPR, PSMA, biomarkers.
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title:Towards the Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer Biomarkers Using Protein-based MRI Contrast Agents
Volume: 17 Issue: 6
Author(s): Fan Pu, Shenghui Xue, Jingjuan Qiao, Anvi Patel and Jenny J. Yang
Affiliation:
Keywords: Molecular imaging, protein-based MRI contrast agents, GRPR, PSMA, biomarkers.
Abstract: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer for man with a high mortality rate due to a lack of non-invasive accurate and sensitive molecular diagnostic methods. The molecular imaging of cancer biomarkers using MRI with its spatial and temporal resolution, however, is largely limited by the lack of contrast agents with high sensitivity, targeting specificity and deep tumor penetration. In this review, we will first overview the current stage of prostate cancer diagnosis and then review prostate cancer biomarkers and related imaging techniques. Since biomarker targeting moieties are essential for molecular imaging, we will use prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as an example to discuss different methods to characterize the interaction between biomarker and targeting moieties. At the end, we will review current progress of the development of targeted protein-based MRI contrast agents (ProCAs) for prostate cancer biomarkers with improved relaxivity and targeting capability.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pu Fan, Xue Shenghui, Qiao Jingjuan, Patel Anvi and Yang J. Jenny, Towards the Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer Biomarkers Using Protein-based MRI Contrast Agents, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2016; 17 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203717666160101123725
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203717666160101123725 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway in Cancer Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Anticarcinogenic Effects of Capsaicin-Loaded Nanoparticles on In vitro Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Current Chemical Biology Insights Into the Molecular Aspects of Neuroprotective Bacoside A and Bacopaside I
Current Neuropharmacology Lessons we Learned from High-Throughput and Top-Down Systems Biology Analyses about Glioma Stem Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Perspectives in Glioma Immunotherapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Effect of Lycopene on the PI3K/Akt Signalling Pathway in Prostate Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Bioactive Herbal Alkaloids as Anti-Infective Agents
Anti-Infective Agents Editorial (Thematic Issue: Combinatorial Fluorophores for Live Cell Imaging)
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Pharma-metabolomics in Neonatology: is it a Dream or a Fact?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neuroprotective Effects of Ellagic Acid in Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Underlying Molecular Mechanisms of Therapeutic Potential
Current Pharmaceutical Design Histone and Non-Histone Targets of Dietary Deacetylase Inhibitors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in the Tumor Micro-Environment and its Therapeutic Potential
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biological Activities of Eco-Friendly Synthesized Hantzsch Adducts
Medicinal Chemistry Diabetic Patients with Psychiatric Illness
Current Diabetes Reviews Drug Delivery Nanoparticles in Treating Chemoresistant Tumor Cells
Current Medicinal Chemistry Subject Index To Volume 9
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Inhibitors of the Immunoproteasome: Current Status and Future Directions
Current Pharmaceutical Design From Nanotechnology to Nanomedicine: Applications to Cancer Research
Current Molecular Medicine RNA Splicing: Basic Aspects Underlie Antitumor Targeting
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Efficient siRNA Delivery Using PEG-conjugated PAMAM Dendrimers Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in a CoCl2-induced Neovascularization Model in Retinal Endothelial Cells
Current Drug Delivery