Abstract
In addition to centrally regulating electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure, angiotensin IIhas various general effects on the central nervous system. The existence of renin-angiotensin system components in the brain has been well established. Angiotensin II and other renin-angiotensin system components are synthesized and distributed throughout the brain. Post-ischemic oral administration of a non-hypotensive dose (1/10th of the clinical dose) of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) has protective effects on reducing cerebral ischemic injury and improving neurological outcomes. Brain tissue angiotensin II levels transiently increase after reperfusion through the local generation of angiotensin IIand not via the transudation of plasma angiotensin II. Systemic administration of ARBs decreases brain tissue angiotensin II in both the intact and ischemic brain tissue via downregulation of angiotensinogen and angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA expression, although plasma ARB barely crosses the blood-brain barrier during systemic ARB treatment. Only hypotensive dose of ARB treatment opens leptomeningeal anastomoses. Therefore, systemic ARB treatment shows neuroprotective effects not through increasing collateral perfusion but decreasing brain tissue angiotensin II in a nonhypotensive dose.
Keywords: Brain, cerebral ischemia, renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin type 1 receptor, angiotensin receptor blocker.
Current Hypertension Reviews
Title:Do RAS Inhibitors Protect the Brain from Cerebral Ischemic Injury?
Volume: 9 Issue: 2
Author(s): Naohisa Hosomi, Akira Nishiyama and Masayasu Matsumoto
Affiliation:
Keywords: Brain, cerebral ischemia, renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin type 1 receptor, angiotensin receptor blocker.
Abstract: In addition to centrally regulating electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure, angiotensin IIhas various general effects on the central nervous system. The existence of renin-angiotensin system components in the brain has been well established. Angiotensin II and other renin-angiotensin system components are synthesized and distributed throughout the brain. Post-ischemic oral administration of a non-hypotensive dose (1/10th of the clinical dose) of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) has protective effects on reducing cerebral ischemic injury and improving neurological outcomes. Brain tissue angiotensin II levels transiently increase after reperfusion through the local generation of angiotensin IIand not via the transudation of plasma angiotensin II. Systemic administration of ARBs decreases brain tissue angiotensin II in both the intact and ischemic brain tissue via downregulation of angiotensinogen and angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNA expression, although plasma ARB barely crosses the blood-brain barrier during systemic ARB treatment. Only hypotensive dose of ARB treatment opens leptomeningeal anastomoses. Therefore, systemic ARB treatment shows neuroprotective effects not through increasing collateral perfusion but decreasing brain tissue angiotensin II in a nonhypotensive dose.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Hosomi Naohisa, Nishiyama Akira and Matsumoto Masayasu, Do RAS Inhibitors Protect the Brain from Cerebral Ischemic Injury?, Current Hypertension Reviews 2013; 9 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15734021113099990002
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15734021113099990002 |
Print ISSN 1573-4021 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6506 |

- Author Guidelines
- Bentham Author Support Services (BASS)
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Zolpidem Arousing Effect in Persistent Vegetative State Patients: Autonomic, EEG and Behavioral Assessment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Vascular Nitric Oxide in Experimental Liver Cirrhosis
Current Vascular Pharmacology Clinical Use of Rituximab in Patients with HIV Related Lymphoma and Multicentric Castlemans Disease
Current Drug Delivery Novel Systemic Drugs for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery New Antipsychotics and Schizophrenia: A Review on Efficacy and Side Effects
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pathophysiology of Sepsis in the Elderly: Clinical Impact and Therapeutic Considerations
Current Drug Targets Different Concepts of Drug Delivery in Disease Entities
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Investigational Positive Inotropic Agents for Acute Heart Failure
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Multidrug Transporters as Drug Targets
Current Drug Targets Biologic Therapy in Immune Mediated Inflammatory Disease: Basic Science and Clinical Concepts
Current Drug Safety Therapeutic Targeting of Apoptotic Pathways in Cancer
Current Drug Targets Novel Atypical Antipsychotics: Metabolism and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)
Current Drug Metabolism Nutraceuticals and their Novel Drug Delivery System: A Boon to Human Health
Current Nutrition & Food Science Ghrelin in Obesity, Physiological and Pharmacological Considerations
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry “PARG Inhibitors’ Success: A Long Way to Go!”
Current Enzyme Inhibition News in the Indications of Direct Oral Anticoagulants According to the American College of Chest Physicians 2016 Guidelines
Current Drug Metabolism Development of Anti-CD20 Antigen-Targeting Therapies for B-cell Lymphoproliferative Malignancies - The State of the Art
Current Drug Targets A Flounder Fish Peptide Shows Anti-Hypertensive Effects by Suppressing the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Endothelin-1
Protein & Peptide Letters Scope and Limitations of The Co-Drug Approach to Topical Drug Delivery
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Effect of Sex and Gender on Diabetic Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews