Abstract
Several cross-sectional studies have reported a relationship between elevated serum activity of liver enzymes [e.g. alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γGT)] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM). Raised serum activity of liver enzymes independently predicted the future development of MetS and DM as well as cardiovascular (CV) events and/or total/CV mortality in prospective studies. However, this association was not consistently demonstrated and it appears to be independent of alcohol intake. Even though these associations can be partly attributed to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance, there may be additional underlying mechanisms that contribute to the increased CV risk (e.g. inflammation and oxidative stress). The association of γGT with atherosclerotic plaque is of particular importance. The present review considers the link between serum liver enzyme activities and vascular risk. The links with DM and MetS are also discussed.
Keywords: Liver enzyme, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic plaque
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Liver Enzymes: Potential Cardiovascular Risk Markers?
Volume: 17 Issue: 33
Author(s): Eirini Lioudaki, Emmanuel S. Ganotakis and Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Affiliation:
Keywords: Liver enzyme, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic plaque
Abstract: Several cross-sectional studies have reported a relationship between elevated serum activity of liver enzymes [e.g. alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γGT)] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM). Raised serum activity of liver enzymes independently predicted the future development of MetS and DM as well as cardiovascular (CV) events and/or total/CV mortality in prospective studies. However, this association was not consistently demonstrated and it appears to be independent of alcohol intake. Even though these associations can be partly attributed to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance, there may be additional underlying mechanisms that contribute to the increased CV risk (e.g. inflammation and oxidative stress). The association of γGT with atherosclerotic plaque is of particular importance. The present review considers the link between serum liver enzyme activities and vascular risk. The links with DM and MetS are also discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Lioudaki Eirini, S. Ganotakis Emmanuel and P. Mikhailidis Dimitri, Liver Enzymes: Potential Cardiovascular Risk Markers?, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (33) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798220945
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798220945 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
An Overview on Natural Polysaccharides with Antioxidant Properties
Current Medicinal Chemistry Aldose Reductase Enzyme and its Implication to Major Health Problems of the 21st Century
Current Medicinal Chemistry Therapeutic Approaches to Alzheimer’s Type of Dementia: A Focus on FGF21 Mediated Neuroprotection
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nitric Oxide and Dietary Factors: Part V Summary/Conclusion and References
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) In Vivo Electroporation of Gene Sequences for Therapeutic and Vaccination Applications
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences Many Drugs and Phytochemicals Can Be Activated to Biological Reactive Intermediates
Current Drug Metabolism Rebalancing the Oral Microbiota as an Efficient Tool in Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Current Update on Synopsis of miRNA Dysregulation in Neurological Disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimers Disease and Diabetes
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Flow Cytometry Study of Leukocyte Function: Analytical Comparison of Methods and their Applicability to Clinical Research
Current Medicinal Chemistry GLUT4 Goes Abnormal: Disregulation of the Insulin-Responsive Glucose Transporter in Abnormal Metabolic States
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Feasibility of a Scale-down Production of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Exendin-4 in a Hospital Based Radiopharmacy
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Therapeutic Potential of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Endothelial Dysfunction- Related Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews The Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Continuum: Focus on Pharmacologic Management and RAS Blockade
Current Clinical Pharmacology Cholecystokinin 1(A) Receptor Polymorphisms
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Chlorophylls and their Derivatives Used in Food Industry and Medicine
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Effectiveness of Long-Term Macrolide Therapy in Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews The Role of Renin Angiotensin System Blockade in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders The Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Proliferation and Osteoblastic Differentiation of MSCs
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy