Abstract
Several cross-sectional studies have reported a relationship between elevated serum activity of liver enzymes [e.g. alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γGT)] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM). Raised serum activity of liver enzymes independently predicted the future development of MetS and DM as well as cardiovascular (CV) events and/or total/CV mortality in prospective studies. However, this association was not consistently demonstrated and it appears to be independent of alcohol intake. Even though these associations can be partly attributed to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance, there may be additional underlying mechanisms that contribute to the increased CV risk (e.g. inflammation and oxidative stress). The association of γGT with atherosclerotic plaque is of particular importance. The present review considers the link between serum liver enzyme activities and vascular risk. The links with DM and MetS are also discussed.
Keywords: Liver enzyme, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic plaque
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Liver Enzymes: Potential Cardiovascular Risk Markers?
Volume: 17 Issue: 33
Author(s): Eirini Lioudaki, Emmanuel S. Ganotakis and Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Affiliation:
Keywords: Liver enzyme, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic plaque
Abstract: Several cross-sectional studies have reported a relationship between elevated serum activity of liver enzymes [e.g. alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (γGT)] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM). Raised serum activity of liver enzymes independently predicted the future development of MetS and DM as well as cardiovascular (CV) events and/or total/CV mortality in prospective studies. However, this association was not consistently demonstrated and it appears to be independent of alcohol intake. Even though these associations can be partly attributed to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance, there may be additional underlying mechanisms that contribute to the increased CV risk (e.g. inflammation and oxidative stress). The association of γGT with atherosclerotic plaque is of particular importance. The present review considers the link between serum liver enzyme activities and vascular risk. The links with DM and MetS are also discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Lioudaki Eirini, S. Ganotakis Emmanuel and P. Mikhailidis Dimitri, Liver Enzymes: Potential Cardiovascular Risk Markers?, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (33) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798220945
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798220945 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Antidiabetic Agents in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis: Metabolism and Clinical Practice
Current Drug Metabolism Editorial (Thematic Issue: Endothelium: A Target for Therapeutic Intervention)
Current Vascular Pharmacology Docking, Synthesis and Anti-Diabetic Activity of Novel Sulfonylhydrazone Derivatives Designed as PPAR-Gamma Agonists
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Impact of Body Mass Index and Type 2 Diabetes on Breast Cancer: Current Therapeutic Measures of Prevention
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Editorial:Nutrition Transition in Developing Countries: Focus on South Asia
Current Diabetes Reviews Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging Provides a Significant Tool for the Identification of Cardioembolic Stroke
Current Neurovascular Research Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Stenting
Current Pharmaceutical Design Expression and Purification of Optimized rolGLP-1, A Novel GLP-1 Analog, in Escherichia Coli BL21(DE3) and its Good Glucoregulatory Effect on Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology COVID-19 Infection in Pregnancy: A Review
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Mental Health Patients at High Risk for Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease: An Australian Perspective
Current Hypertension Reviews Promoting Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: A Novel Strategy for Antidepressant Drug Screening
Current Medicinal Chemistry Potential Benefits and Limits of Psychopharmacological Therapies in Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Current Clinical Pharmacology Childhood Alopecia Areata: An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Transgenerational Inheritance in the Offspring of Pregnant Women with Metabolic Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Functional Food: Product Development and Health Benefits
Recent Patents on Engineering Myocardial Infarction with and without ST-segment Elevation: a Contemporary Reappraisal of Similarities and Differences
Current Cardiology Reviews Blood Pressure and Childhood Obesity
Current Hypertension Reviews Implications of Palmitoleic Acid (Palmitoleate) On Glucose Homeostasis, Insulin Resistance and Diabetes
Current Drug Targets Heterogeneity of Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Prediction, Prevention and Treatment Responsiveness
Current Diabetes Reviews