Abstract
The MAPK/ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal- regulated kinase signaling pathway) and PI3K/Akt (lipid kinase phoshoinositide-3-kinase signaling pathway) play an important role in transmission of cell signals through transduction systems as ligands, transmembrane receptors and cytoplasmic secondary messengers to cell nucleus, where they influence the expression of genes that regulate important cellular processes: cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. The genes, coding the signaling cascade proteins (RET, RAS, BRAF, PI3K, PTEN, AKT), are mutated or aberrantly expressed in thyroid cancer derived from follicular thyroid cell. Genetic and epigenetic alternations, concerning MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, contribute to their activation and interaction in consequence of malignant follicular cell transformation. Moreover, it is additionally pointed out that genetic, as well as epigenetic DNA changing via aberrant methylation of several tumor suppressor and thyroid-specific genes is associated with tumor aggressiveness, being a jointly responsible mechanism for thyroid tumorigenesis. In the present manuscript the currently developed diagnostic and prognostic genetic/epigenetic markers are presented; the understanding of this molecular mechanism provides access to novel molecular therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: AKT, BRAF, PI3K, PTEN, RAS, RET, differentiated thyroid cancer, epigenetic alternations, MAPK/ERK, Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers
Current Genomics
Title: Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Volume: 12 Issue: 8
Author(s): Jose M. Gomez Saez
Affiliation:
Keywords: AKT, BRAF, PI3K, PTEN, RAS, RET, differentiated thyroid cancer, epigenetic alternations, MAPK/ERK, Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers
Abstract: The MAPK/ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal- regulated kinase signaling pathway) and PI3K/Akt (lipid kinase phoshoinositide-3-kinase signaling pathway) play an important role in transmission of cell signals through transduction systems as ligands, transmembrane receptors and cytoplasmic secondary messengers to cell nucleus, where they influence the expression of genes that regulate important cellular processes: cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. The genes, coding the signaling cascade proteins (RET, RAS, BRAF, PI3K, PTEN, AKT), are mutated or aberrantly expressed in thyroid cancer derived from follicular thyroid cell. Genetic and epigenetic alternations, concerning MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, contribute to their activation and interaction in consequence of malignant follicular cell transformation. Moreover, it is additionally pointed out that genetic, as well as epigenetic DNA changing via aberrant methylation of several tumor suppressor and thyroid-specific genes is associated with tumor aggressiveness, being a jointly responsible mechanism for thyroid tumorigenesis. In the present manuscript the currently developed diagnostic and prognostic genetic/epigenetic markers are presented; the understanding of this molecular mechanism provides access to novel molecular therapeutic strategies.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
M. Gomez Saez Jose, Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, Current Genomics 2011; 12 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920211798120826
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920211798120826 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Current Genomics in Cardiovascular Research
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world, in recent years we have had important advances in the interaction between cardiovascular disease and genomics. In this Research Topic, we intend for researchers to present their results with a focus on basic, translational and clinical investigations associated with ...read more
Deep learning in Single Cell Analysis
The field of biology is undergoing a revolution in our ability to study individual cells at the molecular level, and to integrate data from multiple sources and modalities. This has been made possible by advances in technologies for single-cell sequencing, multi-omics profiling, spatial transcriptomics, and high-throughput imaging, as well as ...read more
New insights on Pediatric Tumors and Associated Cancer Predisposition Syndromes
Because of the broad spectrum of children cancer susceptibility, the diagnosis of cancer risk syndromes in children is rarely used in direct cancer treatment. The field of pediatric cancer genetics and genomics will only continue to expand as a result of increasing use of genetic testing tools. It's possible that ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Comprehensive Comparison of Trace Metal Concentrations in Cancerous and Non-Cancerous Human Tissues
Current Medicinal Chemistry LRIGs: A Prognostically Significant Family with Emerging Therapeutic Competence against Cancers
Current Cancer Drug Targets The Effects of Psychological Stress on Depression
Current Neuropharmacology Chronic Inflammation in the Pancreas and Salivary Glands - Lessons from Similarities and Differences in Pathophysiology and Treatment Modalities
Current Pharmaceutical Design Roles of Retinoic Acid in Induction of Immunity and Immune Tolerance
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Design of Iodine-Lithium-α-Dextrin Liquid Crystal with Potent Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Current Pharmaceutical Design Radiolabeled Sugars Used for PET and SPECT Imaging
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Genome-Wide Association Studies: Is there a Genotype for Cognitive Decline in Older Persons with Type 2 Diabetes?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Fatty Acid-Mediated Inhibition of Metal Binding to the Multi-Metal Site on Serum Albumin: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Alogliptin; A Review of a New Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Intracellular Signaling of the Aging Suppressor Protein Klotho
Current Molecular Medicine VEGF Signal System: The Application of Antiangiogenesis
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Effect of SEX/Gender on Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Current Pharmaceutical Design Tyrosine Kinase Blockers: New Hope for Successful Cancer Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Development of Vitamin D Analogs Modulating the Pocket Structure of Vitamin D Receptor
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Better Targeting Melanoma: Options Beyond Surgery and Conventional Chemotherapy
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Integrative System Biology Strategies for Disease Biomarker Discovery
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Approaching the Increasing Complexity of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Taxonomy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Structure, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Prospects of Family C G-Protein Coupled Receptors
Current Drug Targets Life-history Constraints on the Mechanisms that Control the Rate of ROS Production
Current Genomics